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NEW EdWorkingPapers
Do Test Scores Misrepresent Test Results? An Item-by-Item Analysis
Much of the data collected in education is effectively thrown away. Students answer individual test questions, but administrators and researchers only see aggregate performance. All the item-level data are lost. Ex ante it is not clear this destroys much useful information, since the aggregate might be a sufficient statistic.
Tutor CoPilot: A Human-AI Approach for Scaling Real-Time Expertise
Generative AI, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), can expand access to expert guidance in domains like education, where such support is often limited. We introduce Tutor CoPilot, a Human-AI system that models expert thinking to assist tutors in real time. In a randomized controlled trial involving more than 700 tutors and 1,000 students from underserved communities, students with… more →
Labor Market Strength and Declining Community College Enrollment
Declining U.S. college enrollments have triggered questions about the health of the postsecondary sector. Using institution-level data, we make four points. First, such declines are driven not by the four-year sector but by two-year community colleges, which have apparently shrunk by over 30% since the peak of the Great Recession. Second, over one-third of this apparent decline is an artifact… more →
The Effects of Immigration Enforcement on Student Outcomes in a New Era of Immigration Policy in the United States
This study presents the first evidence, to our knowledge, of the effects of the surge in interior immigration apprehensions in 2025 in the United States on student academic performance using detailed student-level administrative records from Florida. We find evidence that immigration enforcement reduced test scores for both U.S.-born and foreign-born Spanish-speaking students while also… more →
Do As I Say: What Teachers’ Language Reveals About Classroom Management Practices
Classroom management critically affects students’ academic and behavioral outcomes, yet we lack quantitative methods for observing these practices at scale. This study develops and validates language-based measures of classroom management—such as responding to student behavior and issuing verbal or material sanctions—using natural language processing (NLP) on 1,652 elementary mathematics… more →
How do place-based scholarships affect student borrowing and academic outcomes? Lessons from Atlanta
Previous research shows that Achieve Atlanta’s placed-based scholarship and associated services meaningfully improve college persistence and completion. In this follow up study that uses similar methods but additional and more detailed data, we examine whether scholarship recipients exhibit different student loan portfolios, course-taking patterns, or academic performance.
Policy and Practice Series
Webinar Series
The Bigger Picture: Key Trends in America’s Changing Education Landscape
Thursday, November 13 at 3:00pm ET
Join us for our next EdWorkingPapers Webinar, where we’ll bring timely, policy-relevant research to life through live conversation. Our fall session on Thursday, November 13 at 3:00pm ET will focus on long-term trends in student enrollment and achievement. Hear directly from the authors as they share insights and discuss implications for research and policy, and come with your questions!
James H. Wyckoff, presenting Puzzling Over Declining Academic Achievement
Abigail Francis, presenting School Enrollment Shifts Five Years After the Pandemic
Joshua Goodman, presenting School Enrollment Shifts Five Years After the Pandemic
Susanna Loeb, EdWorkingPapers Review Board member, facilitating the conversation and Q&A