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Beyond School Police Officers: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Exposure to a Fuller Range of School Disciplinary Personnel

Ismael G. Munoz,
Kenneth A. Shores,
Ericka Sherrell Weathers,
S. Colby Woods

Using data from the 2017–18 and 2020–21 Civil Rights Data Collection, we document dis-parities in exposure to disciplinary staff across US high schools and geographic levels. Black and Hispanic students are exposed to 1.1 and 0.8 more disciplinary personnel than White students, respectively, which is equivalent to roughly twice the total average expo-sure to disciplinary personnel in high schools. This disparity is primarily due to differences in exposure to SSOs and to between district/within metropolitan—as opposed to between school/within district or between state—variation, though disparities exist at nearly all geo-graphic scales and for LEOs. These findings highlight the need to examine all disciplinary personnel roles to inform policies aimed at reducing inequities in school discipline practic-es.

Keywords
Ethnic and racial disparities, school policing, school security officers, Civil Rights Data Collection, education policy
Education level
K-12 Education
Topics
Student Well-Being and Mental Health
Tags
Equity,
Learning environments,
Race, ethnicity, and education
Download 01/2025
Document Object Identifier (DOI)
10.26300/zs00-vv71
EdWorkingPaper suggested citation:
Munoz, Ismael G., Kenneth A. Shores, Ericka Sherrell Weathers, and S. Colby Woods. (). Beyond School Police Officers: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Exposure to a Fuller Range of School Disciplinary Personnel. (EdWorkingPaper: -1125). Retrieved from Annenberg Institute at Brown University: https://doi.org/10.26300/zs00-vv71

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