A study by Gibbs, Wikle, and Wilson (2024) corroborates the finding that increased public ECE leads to parents’ increased labor force participation. These authors examined state expansions of full-day kindergarten in the 1990s and 2000s, combining data from multiple national surveys to estimate the effect of free access to full-day kindergarten on parents’ employment, time use, and child care expenses. Although kindergarten is now considered part of elementary education, not ECE, this study is directly relevant to ECE because it shows the effects of extending full-day schooling one year earlier in children’s lives.