EdWorkingPapers
The Impact of International Students on US Colleges: Higher Education as a Service Export
… Between 2005 and 2016, international enrollment in US higher education … institutions' historical networks with different origins of international students, income growth, and exchange-rate … and organizations … Race, ethnicity and culture … The Impact of International Students on US Colleges: Higher …Between 2005 and 2016, international enrollment in US higher education nearly doubled. I examine how trade shocks in education affect public universities' decision-making. I construct a shift-share instrument to exploit institutions' historical networks with different origins of international students, income growth, and exchange-rate fluctuations. Contrary to claims that US-born students are… more →
Using Behavioral Insights to Improve School Administrative Communications: The Case of Truancy Notifications
… parents when students have missed multiple unexcused days of school. We report a randomized experiment ( N = 131,312) evaluating the impact of sending parents truancy notifications modified … used simplified language, emphasized parental efficacy, and highlighted the negative incremental effects of missing …Many states mandate districts or schools notify parents when students have missed multiple unexcused days of school. We report a randomized experiment (N = 131,312) evaluating the impact of sending parents truancy notifications modified to target behavioral barriers that can hinder effective parental engagement. Modified truancy notifications that used simplified language, emphasized… more →
Heroes, Villains, or Something In Between? How “Right to Work” Policies Affect Teachers, Students, and Education Policymaking
… Although the Janus v. AFCSME (2018) decision fundamentally changed the … little research exists to conceptualize the effects of such policies that hinder unionization. To fill this gap, … how exposure to a RTW policy affects students, teachers, and education policymaking. I find that RTW policies lead to …Although the Janus v. AFCSME (2018) decision fundamentally changed the institutional context for U.S. teachers’ unions by placing all public school teachers in a “Right to Work” (RTW) framework, little research exists to conceptualize the effects of such policies that hinder unionization. To fill this gap, I exploit the different timing across states in the passage of RTW policies in a… more →
Aspirations, Education, and Extreme Poverty
… outstrip people's ability to pursue them. We study the relationship between family aspirations for children and later child educational outcomes in an extremely poor … educational and career aspirations for thousands of rural Gambian children about to begin schooling. While …Aspirations shape important future-oriented behaviors, including educational investment. Higher family aspirations for children predict better educational outcomes in multiple developing countries. Unfortunately, aspirations sometimes outstrip people's ability to pursue them. We study the relationship between family aspirations for children and later child educational outcomes in an extremely… more →
The Impact of Merit Aid on College Choice and Degree Attainment: Reexamining Florida’s Bright Futures Program
… We replicate and extend prior work on Florida’s Bright Futures merit aid … shifts among Hispanic and White students. Our findings of these minimal-at-best impacts contrast those of prior … improvements and more robust data, and further underscore the importance of study replication. (JEL: H75, I21, I22, …We replicate and extend prior work on Florida’s Bright Futures merit aid scholarship to consider its effect on college enrollment and degree completion. We estimate causal impacts using a regression discontinuity design to exploit SAT thresholds that strongly determine eligibility. We find no positive impacts on attendance or attainment, and instrumental variable results generally reject… more →
Disproportionate Burden: Estimating the Cost of FAFSA Verification for Public Colleges and Universities
… that requires selected students to further attest that the information reported on their FAFSA is accurate and complete. In this brief, we estimate institutional costs of administrating the FAFSA verification mandate and consider …Verification is a federally mandated process that requires selected students to further attest that the information reported on their FAFSA is accurate and complete. In this brief, we estimate institutional costs of administrating the FAFSA verification mandate and consider variation in costs by institution type and sector. Using data from 2014, we estimate that compliance costs to institutions… more →
Decreasing Time to Baccalaureate Degree in the United States
… After increasing in the 1970s and 1980s, time to bachelor’s degree has declined since the … … Methodology, measurement and data … Multiple outcomes of education … Standards, accountability, assessment, and …After increasing in the 1970s and 1980s, time to bachelor’s degree has declined since the 1990s. We document this fact using data from three nationally representative surveys. We show that this pattern is occurring across school types and for all student types. Using administrative student records from 11 large universities, we confirm the finding and show that it is robust to alternative sample… more →
The Effects of Student Growth Data on School District Choice: Evidence from a Survey Experiment
… to a new metropolitan area. They then choose between the five largest school districts in that area. All … are randomly assigned to receive average achievement and/or average growth data for each district. While there are … are much weaker. We find that, on average, the provision of growth data causes participants to choose less white and …We conduct an online survey experiment in which participants are asked to imagine that they are parents moving to a new metropolitan area. They then choose between the five largest school districts in that area. All participants receive demographic data for each district. In addition, some participants are randomly assigned to receive average achievement and/or average growth data for each… more →
Why Do School Districts Matter? An Interdisciplinary Framework and Empirical Review
… school districts about how to improve system performance and increase equity? Despite over 30 years of inquiry on the topic of effective districts, existing frameworks are …What guidance does research provide school districts about how to improve system performance and increase equity? Despite over 30 years of inquiry on the topic of effective districts, existing frameworks are relatively narrow in terms of disciplinary focus (primarily educational leadership perspectives) and research design (primarily qualitative case studies). To bridge this gap, we first review… more →
Investigating the “Draw of Home” and Teachers’ Career Decisions
… test whether proximity to home is related to retention in the teaching profession. We leverage a unique dataset from … preferred teaching locations, actual teaching locations, and years in teaching for 7 years after entering the profession. By controlling for a detailed set of background, preference, and teaching assignment variables …Research shows that teachers seek out jobs close to home, but previous studies have been unable to test whether proximity to home is related to retention in the teaching profession. We leverage a unique dataset from Teach For America (TFA) linking individuals’ preferred teaching locations, actual teaching locations, and years in teaching for 7 years after entering the profession. By controlling… more →
Changing Patterns of Growth in Oral Reading Fluency During the COVID-19 Pandemic
… Education has faced unprecedented disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic; evidence about the subsequent effect on children is of crucial importance. We use data from an oral reading … especially for Grades 2–3, but distinct across spring and fall 2020. While many students were not assessed in …Education has faced unprecedented disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic; evidence about the subsequent effect on children is of crucial importance. We use data from an oral reading fluency (ORF) assessment—a rapid assessment taking only a few minutes that measures a fundamental reading skill—to examine COVID’s effects on children’s reading ability during the pandemic in more than 100 U.S.… more →
Educator Attention: How computational tools can systematically identify the distribution of a key resource for students
… across students remains poorly understood due to data and methodological constraints. This study presents the first large-scale computational analysis of educator attention patterns, leveraging over 1 million …Educator attention is critical for student success, yet how educators distribute their attention across students remains poorly understood due to data and methodological constraints. This study presents the first large-scale computational analysis of educator attention patterns, leveraging over 1 million educator utterances from virtual group tutoring sessions linked to detailed student… more →
The Effect of Merit-Based Free Community College
… college is often promoted as a way to expand access and reduce student debt, but may have unintended consequences … free community college program in Chicago called the Star Scholarship, we identify the impact of free community college on a distinct set of students: …Free community college is often promoted as a way to expand access and reduce student debt, but may have unintended consequences if it reduces bachelor’s degree completion for students diverted from better resourced four-year universities. By examining a meritbased free community college program in Chicago called the Star Scholarship, we identify the impact of free community college on a distinct… more →
Teaching Computational Thinking to Children in Head Start Classrooms: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
… efforts to broaden participation in computer science and its related fields, there exist stark disparities in … children to computing concepts early, to provide them with the foundational skills needed to be successful in later … computing courses. This article reports on the results of a randomized controlled trial evaluation of a novel …Despite efforts to broaden participation in computer science and its related fields, there exist stark disparities in participation in computer related fields by gender, race/ethnicity, and socio-economic status. One approach to combat these disparities is to expose children to computing concepts early, to provide them with the foundational skills needed to be successful in later computing… more →
“Does it fit in a box we can check off?” The interpretive work of identifying doubled-up homeless students
… students is crucial to securing their educational rights and understanding the extent of housing insecurity among school-aged children. Drawing on …Identifying doubled-up homeless students is crucial to securing their educational rights and understanding the extent of housing insecurity among school-aged children. Drawing on a survey and focus groups conducted with NYC district and school staff, we introduce interpretive work as a central but underexamined feature of the identification process. While the broad and flexible federal definition… more →
Compounded Disadvantage: Intersectional Inequities in Chronic Absenteeism Prevalence and Recovery During the COVID-19 Era
… chronic absenteeism evolved across intersecting dimensions of race, gender, economic disadvantage, disability status, and housing instability before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic using statewide, administrative data …This study applies an intersectional lens to examine how chronic absenteeism evolved across intersecting dimensions of race, gender, economic disadvantage, disability status, and housing instability before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic using statewide, administrative data from Georgia. Consistent with national evidence, chronic absenteeism roughly doubled from prepandemic levels and… more →
The Effects of Capped Piece-Rate Teacher Bonuses: Evidence from Advanced Placement
… a piece-rate for each student scoring 3 or higher on the standardized exam. Using student-course-level administrative data and exploiting both withinand across-teacher variation, I … the probability that an AP enrollment results in a score of 3 or higher by 2.4 percentage points. I further find no …I study a proficiency-based incentive program that rewards Advanced Placement (AP) teachers a piece-rate for each student scoring 3 or higher on the standardized exam. Using student-course-level administrative data and exploiting both withinand across-teacher variation, I find the program increased the probability that an AP enrollment results in a score of 3 or higher by 2.4 percentage points. I… more →
Closing the Gaps: An Examination of Early Impacts of Dallas ISD’s Opt-out Policy on Advanced Course Enrollment
… predict subsequent student success, but fewer Black and Hispanic students take advanced courses compared to their … decline. We use a synthetic control design to evaluate the impact of an optout policy in a large urban district in Texas on the …Advanced high school courses predict subsequent student success, but fewer Black and Hispanic students take advanced courses compared to their White peers. One strategy to increase advanced course enrollment is to use an “opt-out” approach, in which all students are enrolled in advanced courses unless they decline. We use a synthetic control design to evaluate the impact of an optout policy in a… more →
Who Leaves? How Job and Teacher Characteristics Relate to Turnover in Child Care Settings
… Early childhood care and education (ECCE) settings rely on teachers to support … to turnover. Using data on a large sample (N = 14,373) of teachers employed at publicly funded child care centers in … for region. Results from within-site models were similar. The findings from this study inform policies to increase ECCE …Early childhood care and education (ECCE) settings rely on teachers to support children’s development and families’ workforce participation. Yet ECCE teachers turn over at high rates, often twice as often as teachers in K-12 settings. Because large-scale ECCE workforce data are rare, little is known about how job and teacher characteristics relate to turnover. Using data on a large sample (N = 14… more →
Residential Segregation and Unequal Access to Local Public Services in India: Evidence from 1.5m Neighborhoods
… We study residential segregation and access to public services across 1.5 million urban and … and only slightly lower than Black-White segregation in the U.S. Within cities, public facilities and infrastructure … within cities at the most informal and least studied form of government. These inequalities are not visible in the …We study residential segregation and access to public services across 1.5 million urban and rural neighborhoods in India. Muslim and Scheduled Caste segregation in India is high by global standards, and only slightly lower than Black-White segregation in the U.S. Within cities, public facilities and infrastructure are systematically less available in Muslim and Scheduled Caste neighborhoods.… more →
Who Is Newly Absent? Racial Inequities in Post-Pandemic Transitions into Chronic and Severe Absence in Georgia
… Chronic absenteeism rose sharply following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and has declined only modestly since, yet most evidence …Chronic absenteeism rose sharply following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and has declined only modestly since, yet most evidence remains cross-sectional and cannot distinguish persistence from redistribution in absence behavior. Using a cohort transition framework, the analysis compares students' typical absence profiles across pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods. The results show… more →
Removing Barriers to College Credits: Where and for Whom AP Exam Fee Waivers Work
… access also foster success? We study this question in the context of North Carolina’s universal Advanced Placement (AP) exam … the policy’s effect on exam participation (access) and pass rates (success). We find that fee waivers …Do policies that broaden educational access also foster success? We study this question in the context of North Carolina’s universal Advanced Placement (AP) exam fee waiver policy. Using student-course level administrative data, we exploit within-student variation on a sample of students who took multiple AP courses to estimate the policy’s effect on exam participation (access) and pass rates (… more →
Implicit Gender-STEM Stereotypes and College Major Choice
… Implicit stereotypes about gender and STEM may unconsciously shape students' academic choices … gender-science Implicit Association Test (IAT) to a sample of primarily first-semester undergraduates, and link results … as salary and job flexibility, presence of female role models, and explicit beliefs about women in STEM and …Implicit stereotypes about gender and STEM may unconsciously shape students' academic choices and contribute to gender gaps in major choice, but there is limited economic evidence on this channel. To study this relationship, we administer a gender-science Implicit Association Test (IAT) to a sample of primarily first-semester undergraduates, and link results to original survey data and… more →
Bridging Literacy Gaps: The Impact of AI-Driven Personalised Learning on Reading Skills and Educational Equity
… educational attainment, limit labour market opportunities, and exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities. This paper evaluates the causal effect of an AI-driven Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL) program …Persistent literacy skills deficits hinder educational attainment, limit labour market opportunities, and exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities. This paper evaluates the causal effect of an AI-driven Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL) program implemented by the Government of Madrid, which features personalised, adaptive content and real-time feedback on students’ literacy proficiency. We leverage… more →
Toward a Comprehensive Model Predicting Credit Loss in Vertical Transfer
… A growing body of research has documented extensive credit loss among transfer students. However, the field lacks theoretically driven and empirically supported frameworks that can guide credit …A growing body of research has documented extensive credit loss among transfer students. However, the field lacks theoretically driven and empirically supported frameworks that can guide credit loss research and reforms. We develop and then test a comprehensive framework designed to address this gap using novel administrative credit loss data from Texas. Our results demonstrate how the likelihood… more →
Educational Spillover Effects of New English Learners in a New Destination State
… The number of English learners enrolled in public schools has grown substantially in the United … The growth is especially large in states in the South and Midwest that have not been traditional destinations for …The number of English learners enrolled in public schools has grown substantially in the United States over the past two decades. The growth is especially large in states in the South and Midwest that have not been traditional destinations for recent immigrants. In this study, we examine the effects of an influx of new English learners on students in receiving schools in Delaware, which is one of… more →
Affirmative Action and Its Race-Neutral Alternatives
… race-neutral alternatives like top percent policies and holistic review to increase enrollment among … admission, and enrollment effects using University of California administrative data. UC’s affirmative action … among very low-income students. These findings highlight the enrollment gaps between affirmative action and its most …As affirmative action loses political feasibility, many universities have implemented race-neutral alternatives like top percent policies and holistic review to increase enrollment among disadvantaged students. I study these policies’ application, admission, and enrollment effects using University of California administrative data. UC’s affirmative action and top percent policies increased… more →
A Bad Commute: Does Travel Time to Work Predict Teacher and Leader Turnover and Other Workplace Outcomes?
… employee turnover probabilities by increasing job stress and reducing job attachment and embeddedness. Using … commute times are more likely to transfer schools or exit the school system. We find that transfer probability increases roughly monotonically through most of the commute time distribution. Teachers who commute 45 …Research suggests that longer commute times can increase employee turnover probabilities by increasing job stress and reducing job attachment and embeddedness. Using administrative data from a midsized urban school district, we test whether teachers and school leaders with longer commute times are more likely to transfer schools or exit the school system. We find that transfer probability… more →
Dual Identification? The Effects of EL Status on SPED Placement in an Equity-Focused District
… This study examines the effects of English Learner (EL) status on subsequent Special … partnership, we link student demographic data and initial English proficiency assessment data across seven …This study examines the effects of English Learner (EL) status on subsequent Special Education (SPED) placement. Through a research-practice partnership, we link student demographic data and initial English proficiency assessment data across seven cohorts of test takers and observe EL and SPED programmatic participation for these students over seven years. Our regression discontinuity (RD)… more →
Predictors of Access to Advanced Learning: What Makes for a Successful School?
… A wide research base has documented the unequal access to and enrollment in K-12 gifted and talented services and other forms of advanced learning opportunities. This study extends that …A wide research base has documented the unequal access to and enrollment in K-12 gifted and talented services and other forms of advanced learning opportunities. This study extends that knowledge base by integrating multiple population-level datasets to better understand correlates of access to and enrollment in gifted and talented services, seventh-grade Algebra 1, and eighth-grade Geometry.… more →
Is Engaging Online Learning Possible? A Study of an Innovative National Virtual Summer Program
… We study an early effort amid the Covid-19 pandemic to develop new approaches to virtually serving students, supporting teachers, and promoting equity. This five-week, largely synchronous, … 4th-9thgraders. “Mentor teachers” provided PD and videos of themselves teaching daily lessons to “partner teachers” …We study an early effort amid the Covid-19 pandemic to develop new approaches to virtually serving students, supporting teachers, and promoting equity. This five-week, largely synchronous, summer program served 11,769 rising 4th-9thgraders. “Mentor teachers” provided PD and videos of themselves teaching daily lessons to “partner teachers” across the country. We interviewed a representative sample… more →
The Economic Impact of Access to Public Four-Year Colleges
… We provide the first estimated economic impacts of students’ access to an entire sector of public higher … students’ household income around age 30 by 20 percent, and has even larger impacts for those from low income high …We provide the first estimated economic impacts of students’ access to an entire sector of public higher education in the U.S. Approximately half of Georgia high school graduates who enroll in college do so in the state’s public four-year sector, which requires minimum SAT scores for admission. Regression discontinuity estimates show enrollment in public four-year institutions boosts students’… more →
School Sector and Satisfaction: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Sample
… Access to private schools and public charter schools might improve parent and student … and students. Using a nationally representative sample of 13,436 students in the United States in 2016, I find that public charter schools …Access to private schools and public charter schools might improve parent and student satisfaction through competitive pressures and improved matches between educators and students. Using a nationally representative sample of 13,436 students in the United States in 2016, I find that public charter schools and private schools outperform traditional public schools on six measures of parent and… more →
Remote Learning in 2020-21 and Student Attendance Since the COVID-19 Pandemic
… Student attendance declined during the COVID-19 pandemic and remains lower than pre-pandemic levels. This study examines the role of remote learning in these post-pandemic declines in student …Student attendance declined during the COVID-19 pandemic and remains lower than pre-pandemic levels. This study examines the role of remote learning in these post-pandemic declines in student attendance. I find that remote learning in 2020-21 led to persistent declines in post-pandemic attendance, with generally larger negative effects for students exposed to longer periods of remote learning,… more →
Childhood Interventions and Life Course Development
… theory does not provide a straightforward explanation. The fadeout-emergence paradox spotlights our limited understanding of how early skill gains shape long-run developmental … examined the longitudinal impacts of educational and developmental randomized controlled trials that measured …A paradox has perplexed researchers studying childhood interventions: although program impacts on children’s skills often fade, some interventions have nonetheless produced long-run impacts on adult outcomes. Existing developmental theory does not provide a straightforward explanation. The fadeout-emergence paradox spotlights our limited understanding of how early skill gains shape long-run… more →
Resegregated Schools, Racial Attitudes, and Long-Run Partisanship: Evidence for White Backlash
… Brown v. Board (1954) catalyzed a nationwide effort by the federal judiciary to desegregate public schools by court … homogeneity to rise. I leverage this exogenous source of variation in the racial mix of schools released from court orders between 1990 and 2014 to explore two key aspects of how whites react to …Brown v. Board (1954) catalyzed a nationwide effort by the federal judiciary to desegregate public schools by court order, representing a major achievement for the U.S. civil rights movement. Four decades later, courts began dismissing schools from desegregation decrees in a staggered fashion, causing their racial homogeneity to rise. I leverage this exogenous source of variation in the racial… more →
The Impacts of Grade Retention Policy With Minimal Retention
… retention for struggling readers are widespread in the U.S., covering 34% of public-school third graders in 2023-24. This study … third-grade reading law on subsequent test scores and school progress outcomes for the 2020-21 and 2021-22 …State laws that mandate in-grade retention for struggling readers are widespread in the U.S., covering 34% of public-school third graders in 2023-24. This study investigates the impacts of Michigan’s third-grade reading law on subsequent test scores and school progress outcomes for the 2020-21 and 2021-22 third-grade cohorts. Using a regression discontinuity (RD) design, we find that being… more →
Property Tax Salience and Public Good Investment: Evidence from School Bond Elections
… In 2019, Texas passed legislation requiring that the ballot text for all school bond referenda include the … as their primary funding mechanism. Evaluating the impact of this policy change on voter behavior in a … of property taxes, erode support for school bonds, and shift attention away from the benefits of bonds. When …In 2019, Texas passed legislation requiring that the ballot text for all school bond referenda include the phrase “THIS IS A PROPERTY TAX INCREASE,” highlighting property taxes as their primary funding mechanism. Evaluating the impact of this policy change on voter behavior in a difference-in-differences framework, we find that the introduction of property tax disclaimers reduced the passage rate… more →
Are Rural Republicans Different When It Comes to Public Opinion on Education Policy?
… Conservative education policy in the United States increasingly emphasizes school choice, decentralization, and parental authority. This chapter examines whether these … contexts, focusing specifically on rural Republicans. Using data from the 2015–2022 Education Next surveys, we find …Conservative education policy in the United States increasingly emphasizes school choice, decentralization, and parental authority. This chapter examines whether these priorities resonate equally across geographic contexts, focusing specifically on rural Republicans. Using data from the 2015–2022 Education Next surveys, we find that while partisanship strongly structures education attitudes,… more →
Teacher-student relationships and adult outcomes: Developmental cascades via childhood executive function and behavioral dysregulation
… to test associations between teacher-student relationships and adult outcomes, as well as mechanisms underlying these associations. Results from the NICHD-SECCYD (N=1364; 52% male; 76% White; 13% Black; 6% … in the U.S. beginning in 1991) revealed a complex set of findings. First, teacher-student conflict and closeness …Longitudinal data were examined to test associations between teacher-student relationships and adult outcomes, as well as mechanisms underlying these associations. Results from the NICHD-SECCYD (N=1364; 52% male; 76% White; 13% Black; 6% Hispanic; 5% other; data collection took place in the U.S. beginning in 1991) revealed a complex set of findings. First, teacher-student conflict and closeness… more →
Predicting Persistence and Fadeout Across Multi-Site RCTs of an Early Childhood Mathematics Curriculum Intervention
… This study examined predictors of persistence and fadeout across multiple cluster RCTs that … (i.e., endline) and one-year follow-up. We found that the magnitude of the impact at post-test was a strong …This study examined predictors of persistence and fadeout across multiple cluster RCTs that evaluated a preschool mathematics curriculum. We used meta-analytic methods to explore how impacts on student mathematics achievement faded between post-test (i.e., endline) and one-year follow-up. We found that the magnitude of the impact at post-test was a strong predictor of the one-year follow-up… more →
The Long-Term Effects of Rank in Elementary School
… We estimate the long-term consequences of math and reading rank within an elementary school on short …We estimate the long-term consequences of math and reading rank within an elementary school on short and long-term outcomes. We find that higher rank leads to better outcomes. Students ranked at the top in grade 7 perform up to 0.33 standard deviations higher on future school exams, are more likely to graduate high school and university, and earn significantly more at age 28. Math rank is… more →
Staff and Faculty Unionizations in Higher Education, 2007-2023
… Labor organizing efforts grew following the Covid-19 pandemic in American higher education … brief examines unionization trends at private colleges and universities from 2007 through 2023, revealing staff as … and university employees. A disproportionate number of elections occurred in a handful of union-friendly states …Labor organizing efforts grew following the Covid-19 pandemic in American higher education institutions. This research brief examines unionization trends at private colleges and universities from 2007 through 2023, revealing staff as the main force behind unionization attempts, followed by contingent faculty. SEIU plays a significant role in representing college and university employees. A… more →
Does Early Childhood Education mitigate the birthdate effect? A regression discontinuity analysis of administrative data
… This article examines the impact of within-class age differences on educational outcomes, … older students achieve higher scores in both Language and Mathematics and have lower grade retention rates. …This article examines the impact of within-class age differences on educational outcomes, using students' birth months in Madrid's primary schools as a natural experiment. Employing a regression discontinuity design, we analyze third-grade students to investigate these age-related effects. Additionally, we explore whether early childhood education attendance works as a mitigating factor. Results… more →
Disability as Discipline? Effects of the New York City Suspension Ban on Identification of Students with Disabilities
… Across the United States, suspension bans have become a popular policy response to address excessive and inequitable use of suspension in schools. However, there is little research …Across the United States, suspension bans have become a popular policy response to address excessive and inequitable use of suspension in schools. However, there is little research that examines what strategies school staff employ when suspension is no longer permitted. I examine the effect of New York City’s suspension ban on the use of a potential unintended substitute for suspension: special… more →
Paying for School Finance Reforms: How States Raise Revenues to Fund Increases in Elementary-Secondary Education Expenditures
… This study investigates how individual states raise revenue to pay for elementary-secondary education spending following … finance reforms (SFRs). We identify states that increased and sustained education expenditures after reform, search for … education spending, and assess how policymakers funded the SFRs. Our results show that state legislatures increase …This study investigates how individual states raise revenue to pay for elementary-secondary education spending following school finance reforms (SFRs). We identify states that increased and sustained education expenditures after reform, search for legislative statutes that appropriated more education spending, and assess how policymakers funded the SFRs. Our results show that state legislatures… more →
Parsing Coaching Practice: A Systematic Framework for Describing Coaching Discourse
… Despite the common title of “coach,” definitions of high-quality coaching vary tremendously across models and programs. Yet, few studies make comparisons across … In doing so, this taxonomy may serve as a common language to guide future work exploring how coach discourse …Despite the common title of “coach,” definitions of high-quality coaching vary tremendously across models and programs. Yet, few studies make comparisons across different models to understand what is most helpful, for whom, and under what circumstances. As a result, practitioners are left with many options and little evidence-based direction. This is exacerbated by the literature’s focus on more… more →
Latent Classes of Teacher Working Conditions in Virginia: Description, Teacher Preferences, and Contextual Factors
… Many dimensions of teacher working conditions influence both teacher and student outcomes; yet, analyses of schools’ overall … conditions are challenged by high correlations among the dimensions. Our study overcame this challenge by applying …Many dimensions of teacher working conditions influence both teacher and student outcomes; yet, analyses of schools’ overall working conditions are challenged by high correlations among the dimensions. Our study overcame this challenge by applying latent profile analysis of Virginia teachers’ perceptions of school leadership, instructional agency, professional growth opportunities, rigorous… more →
The Causal Impact of Charter Schools on Private Tutoring Prevalence
… studies, but this has not been explicitly tested for the U.S. context. To estimate the causal effect of charter school appearances on neighboring private tutoring … areas with the highest income, educational attainment, and proportion Asian show the greatest treatment impacts, …Greater school choice leads to lower demand for private tutoring according to various international studies, but this has not been explicitly tested for the U.S. context. To estimate the causal effect of charter school appearances on neighboring private tutoring prevalence, we employ a comparative event study model combined with a longitudinal matching strategy to accommodate differing treatment… more →
Forging a path to college persistence: An experimental evaluation of the Detroit Promise Path program
… overcome many obstacles to do so. This paper reports the results of a randomized evaluation of a program meant to provide … providing students with coaching, summer engagement, and financial incentives. The evaluation found that students …Detroit students who obtain a college degree overcome many obstacles to do so. This paper reports the results of a randomized evaluation of a program meant to provide support to low-income community college students. The Detroit Promise Path (DPP) program was designed to complement an existing College Promise scholarship, providing students with coaching, summer engagement, and financial… more →