EdWorkingPapers
Do Innovative Career Pathways in Massachusetts High Schools Promote Equitable Access to Higher Education?
… Two persistent shortcomings of the American labor market are the wage gaps and unequal unemployment rates that exist between racial …Two persistent shortcomings of the American labor market are the wage gaps and unequal unemployment rates that exist between racial groups. More specifically, Black and Latinx high school graduates earn less and are more likely to be unemployed than their White counterparts, on average. Likewise, students from low-income families are much more likely to be low-income themselves in adulthood. One… more →
Translating Policy into Opportunity: School Counselors and the Implementation of CTE-Focused Dual Enrollment Pathways
… Dual enrollment programs have expanded rapidly in the United States as a mechanism to improve college readiness, accelerate time to credential, and support postsecondary transitions. Yet empirical research … technical colleges, particularly from the perspectives of students and the school counselors responsible for …Dual enrollment programs have expanded rapidly in the United States as a mechanism to improve college readiness, accelerate time to credential, and support postsecondary transitions. Yet empirical research on dual enrollment has largely centered on academic coursework offered through community colleges or four-year institutions. Considerably less is known about career-oriented dual enrollment… more →
More Money for Less Time? Examining the Relative and Heterogenous Financial Returns to Non-Degree Credentials and Degree Programs
… There is a large and growing number of non-degree credential offerings between a high school … beyond a bachelor’s degree. Nevertheless, research on the financial returns to non-degree credentials and …There is a large and growing number of non-degree credential offerings between a high school diploma and a bachelor's degree, as well as degree programs beyond a bachelor’s degree. Nevertheless, research on the financial returns to non-degree credentials and degree-granting programs is often narrow and siloed. To fill this gap, we leverage a national sample of individuals across nine MSAs and… more →
The Costs and Benefits of North Carolina’s Early College High School Model
… Early colleges are high schools that blend the high school and college experiences. They have been shown to increase … and completion; however less is known about the costs of the early college model relative to traditional high …Early colleges are high schools that blend the high school and college experiences. They have been shown to increase college enrollment and completion; however less is known about the costs of the early college model relative to traditional high schools. We leverage randomized assignment of North Carolina students to early colleges to estimate the costs, benefits, and net benefits (benefits minus… more →
Education, gender, and family formation
… We study the effect of educational attainment on family formation using regression discontinuity designs generated by centralized admissions processes to both secondary and tertiary education in Finland. Admission to further …We study the effect of educational attainment on family formation using regression discontinuity designs generated by centralized admissions processes to both secondary and tertiary education in Finland. Admission to further education at either margin does not increase the likelihood that men form families. In contrast, women admitted to further education are more likely to both live with a… more →
Label to Help: The Effects of Special Education on Student Outcomes
… This study examines the impact of special education on academic and behavioral outcomes for students with learning …This study examines the impact of special education on academic and behavioral outcomes for students with learning disabilities (LD) by using statewide Indiana data covering kindergarten through eighth grade. The results from student fixed effects models show that special education services improve achievement in math and English Language Arts, but they also increase suspensions and absences for… more →
Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Heterogeneity Across Schools in the U.S. Public Education System: A Correspondence Audit of Principals
… Although numerous studies document different forms of discrimination in the U.S. public education system, very few provide plausibly … public school principals discriminate against racial and ethnic minorities. Moreover, no studies test for …Although numerous studies document different forms of discrimination in the U.S. public education system, very few provide plausibly causal estimates. Thus, it is unclear to what extent public school principals discriminate against racial and ethnic minorities. Moreover, no studies test for heterogeneity in racial/ethnic discrimination by individual-level resource needs and school-level resource… more →
Identification of Non-Additive Fixed Effects Models: Is the Return to Teacher Quality Homogeneous?
… fixed effects. In this paper, we discuss identification of a panel data model in which the unobserved heterogeneity both enters additively and interacts with treatment variables. We present …Panel or grouped data are often used to allow for unobserved individual heterogeneity in econometric models via fixed effects. In this paper, we discuss identification of a panel data model in which the unobserved heterogeneity both enters additively and interacts with treatment variables. We present identification and estimation methods for parameters of interest in this model under both strict… more →
A Classroom Observer Like Me: The Effects of Race-congruence and Gender-congruence Between Teachers and Raters on Observation Scores
… State and local education agencies across the country are prioritizing the goal of diversifying the teacher workforce. To further understand …State and local education agencies across the country are prioritizing the goal of diversifying the teacher workforce. To further understand the challenges of diversifying the teacher pipeline, I investigate race and gender dynamics between teachers and school-based administrators, who are key decision-makers in hiring, evaluating, and retaining teachers. I use longitudinal data from a large… more →
Identifying and Producing Effective Teachers
… Teachers are among the most important school-provided determinants of student success. Effective teachers improve students’ test scores as well as their attendance, behavior, and earnings as adults. However, students do not enjoy equal …Teachers are among the most important school-provided determinants of student success. Effective teachers improve students’ test scores as well as their attendance, behavior, and earnings as adults. However, students do not enjoy equal access to effective teachers. This article reviews some of the key challenges associated with teacher policy confronted by school leaders and education… more →
High School Preparation and Post-Secondary Educational Attainment: An Analysis of Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences for Missouri Public High School Students
… This paper investigates patterns of racial/ethnic and gender gaps in post-secondary degree attainment trajectories by the levels of students’ pre-college academic preparation. We …This paper investigates patterns of racial/ethnic and gender gaps in post-secondary degree attainment trajectories by the levels of students’ pre-college academic preparation. We follow four cohorts of Missouri public high school freshmen for five years beyond on-time graduation among White, Black, and Hispanic male and female students. A composite measure of pre-college academic preparation is… more →
Unveiling Racism: A Systematic Review of Survey Measures of Racism in Education
… that fosters both racial equity–centered approaches and robust empirical analysis of the systemic and structural nature of racism. Most …Education policy research aimed at eliminating racism necessitates methodological innovation that fosters both racial equity–centered approaches and robust empirical analysis of the systemic and structural nature of racism. Most quantitative research in educational psychology does not account for racism in its modeling, thereby obscuring the racialized environments in which students learn (DeCuir… more →
Learning Lessons from Instruction: Descriptive Results from an Observational Study of Urban Elementary Classrooms
… Background : For nearly three decades, policy-makers and researchers in the United States have promoted more intellectually rigorous … has been enacted at scale. Purpose : The purpose of the study is to examine the prevalence of reform-aligned …Background: For nearly three decades, policy-makers and researchers in the United States have promoted more intellectually rigorous standards for mathematics teaching and learning. Yet, to date, we have limited descriptive evidence on the extent to which reform-oriented instruction has been enacted at scale. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine the prevalence of reform-aligned… more →
The Longitudinal Effects of School Improvement Grants
… School Improvement Grants (SIG) represent one type of governments’ capacity-building investment to spur … public schools. This study examines both short- and long-run effects of the first two cohorts of SIG schools from two states and two …School Improvement Grants (SIG) represent one type of governments’ capacity-building investment to spur sustainable changes in America’s persistently under-performing public schools. This study examines both short- and long-run effects of the first two cohorts of SIG schools from two states and two urban districts across the country. Using dynamic event analyses, we observe that SIG showed larger… more →
What we teach about race and gender: Representation in images and text of children’s books
… Books shape how children learn about society and norms, in part through representation of different characters. We introduce new artificial … apply them, along with text analysis methods, to measure the representation of skin color, race, gender, and age in …Books shape how children learn about society and norms, in part through representation of different characters. We introduce new artificial intelligence methods for systematically converting images into data and apply them, along with text analysis methods, to measure the representation of skin color, race, gender, and age in award-winning children’s books widely read in homes, classrooms, and… more →
Separation of Church and State Curricula? Public Standards, Private Values, and Textbook Content
… Curricula are a critical site of cultural transmission, yet we know little about the values conveyed in textbooks across educational settings … forces that shape them. We examine textbooks from Texas and California public schools and religious-private and home …Curricula are a critical site of cultural transmission, yet we know little about the values conveyed in textbooks across educational settings or the forces that shape them. We examine textbooks from Texas and California public schools and religious-private and home schools spanning 1980-2022, using computational and AI tools to measure presence and portrayal of people, topics, and values over… more →
Education Governance and Race: An Analysis of School Board Discourse Using Large Language Models
… or arenas for contentious debate—particularly on issues of race. Recent controversies suggest increasing public engagement and conflict, but little evidence documents how often … over 40,000 meeting minutes from 2018–2022 to examine the prevalence, framing, and drivers of race-related …Despite growing attention to school boards, it is unclear whether they primarily operate as bureaucratic forums, policy-making bodies, or arenas for contentious debate—particularly on issues of race. Recent controversies suggest increasing public engagement and conflict, but little evidence documents how often questions of race arise in board deliberations. This study analyzes over 40,000 meeting… more →
To The Mountaintop: Transforming Educational Equity as a School Leader
… learning environments, give high-quality teachers the support they need, and influence student outcomes. This literature review … Additionally, this review discusses the changing landscape of education policy and its implications for school …School leaders, particularly principals, can be true difference makers. Having a strong school leader can shape productive learning environments, give high-quality teachers the support they need, and influence student outcomes. This literature review synthesizes research on the role that school leaders, specifically principals, play in addressing inequities and promoting student success in… more →
Who Leads During and After a Crisis? The Pandemic’s Role in Diversifying School Leadership
… Organizational crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, influence the appointment of leaders from underrepresented groups, including women and people of color. This study examines the relationship …Organizational crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, influence the appointment of leaders from underrepresented groups, including women and people of color. This study examines the relationship between the pandemic, school organizational characteristics, and the appointment of women and people of color to school leadership (e.g., Head of School, HoS) roles. Using administrative data from the… more →
Using Meta-Analytic Data to Examine Fadeout and Persistence of Intervention Impacts on Constrained and Unconstrained Skills
… Recent reviews of the educational intervention literature have noted … skill trajectories between children in the intervention and control group converge in the years following the end of …Recent reviews of the educational intervention literature have noted patterns of intervention impact fadeout on cognitive skills, whereby skill trajectories between children in the intervention and control group converge in the years following the end of the intervention. Some early childhood education (ECE) researchers have suggested that skill type, specifically whether a skill is “constrained… more →
The Effects of Student-Teacher Ethnoracial Matching on Exclusionary Discipline for Asian American, Black, and Latinx Students: Evidence From New York City
… Although Black and Latinx students disproportionately face exclusionary school discipline, prior research finds that the likelihood of suspension for Black students decreases when they are …Although Black and Latinx students disproportionately face exclusionary school discipline, prior research finds that the likelihood of suspension for Black students decreases when they are taught by greater proportions of Black teachers. Little prior work, however, has examined whether these effects generalize to large, diverse, urban school districts or to Asian American or Latinx students and… more →
Does the Common Core Have a Common Effect?: An Exploration of Effects on Academically Vulnerable Students
… Policymakers have sought to increase the rigor of content standards since the 1990s. However, the literature … State Content Standards (CC) affected student achievement and the size of achievement gaps. To identify the effect of …Policymakers have sought to increase the rigor of content standards since the 1990s. However, the literature examining the effects of reforms to content standards on student outcomes is still developing. This study examines the extent to which the Common Core State Content Standards (CC) affected student achievement and the size of achievement gaps. To identify the effect of CC I compare early… more →
The Effects of At-Scale Career Pathway Investments on the Transition from High School to College
… In this study, we examine an at-scale effort to encourage the formation of career pathways in California, with the goal of estimating … estimates of an ambitious $500 million effort to expand and establish career and technical education pathways between …In this study, we examine an at-scale effort to encourage the formation of career pathways in California, with the goal of estimating the initiative’s causal effects on community college enrollment. We leverage a discontinuous assignment rule used to award grant funds to obtain credibly causal estimates of an ambitious $500 million effort to expand and establish career and technical education… more →
Projecting the potential impacts of COVID-19 school closures on academic achievement
… With 55 million students in the United States out of school due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education systems are scrambling to meet the needs of schools and families, including planning how best to approach …With 55 million students in the United States out of school due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education systems are scrambling to meet the needs of schools and families, including planning how best to approach instruction in the fall given students may be farther behind than in a typical year. Yet, education leaders have little data on how much learning has been impacted by school closures. While the… more →
The Anatomy of a High-Price Question: Text, Skills, and the Economics of Achievement Measurement
… distinct skills into an undifferentiated measure of proficiency. Which of these component skills matter most … answer. We develop a framework that looks both inside the score - re-weighting items by their predictive power for a chosen outcome ("item-level prices") - and inside the item - using the digitized text of each …Standardized test scores aggregate item (question) responses into a single scalar, collapsing distinct skills into an undifferentiated measure of proficiency. Which of these component skills matter most for long-run economic outcomes is a question that aggregate scores cannot answer. We develop a framework that looks both inside the score - re-weighting items by their predictive power for a… more →
Measuring the Affective Language of Principals' Evaluation Feedback and Investigating Differences by Principal Gender and Race
… Over the past decade, reforms to principal evaluation systems have … analysis to uncover the affective language, or tone, of principals’ feedback, and examine differences in affective language based on …Over the past decade, reforms to principal evaluation systems have sought to incorporate formal feedback structures as a lever for principal improvement. However, we know little about the feedback that principals receive. Using statewide administrative data from Tennessee, including principals’ written feedback from evaluators, we use sentiment analysis to uncover the affective language, or tone… more →
Student-to-School Counselor Ratios: Understanding the History and Ethics behind Professional Staffing Recommendations and Realities in the United States
… This manuscript explores the argument for lower student-to-school counselor ratios in … education. Drawing upon a comprehensive historical review and existing research, we establish the integral role of school counselors and the notable benefits of reduced …This manuscript explores the argument for lower student-to-school counselor ratios in U.S. public education. Drawing upon a comprehensive historical review and existing research, we establish the integral role of school counselors and the notable benefits of reduced student-tocounselor ratios. Our analysis of national data exposes marked disparities across states and districts, with the most… more →
Unequal Learning Loss: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Influenced the Academic Growth of Learners at the Tails of the Achievement Distribution
… The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in substantial unfinished … degrees for various subgroups. For example, students of color, from low-income families, or who attended … the pandemic than their similarly-scoring, pre-COVID peers and, as of the end of the 2021 – 2021 school year, had yet to …The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in substantial unfinished learning for U.S. students, but to differing degrees for various subgroups. For example, students of color, from low-income families, or who attended high-poverty schools experienced greater unfinished learning. In this study we examined the degree of unfinished learning for students who went into the pandemic scoring in the top or bottom… more →
Teacher Turnover During the COVID-19 Pandemic
… Teachers' levels of stress and burnout have been high throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, raising concerns about a potential …Teachers' levels of stress and burnout have been high throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, raising concerns about a potential increase in teacher turnover and future teacher shortages. We examine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected teacher turnover in Arkansas from 2018-19 to 2022-23 using administrative data. We find no major changes in turnover entering the first two pandemic years, but a large… more →
Strictly Speaking: Examining Teacher Use of Punishment and Student Outcomes
… While a growing body of literature has documented the negative impacts of … is known about how teachers vary in disciplinary behaviors and the attendant impacts on students. We use administrative …While a growing body of literature has documented the negative impacts of exclusionary punishments, such as suspensions, on academic outcomes, less is known about how teachers vary in disciplinary behaviors and the attendant impacts on students. We use administrative data from North Carolina elementary schools to examine the extent to which teachers vary in their use of referrals and investigate… more →
Disappearing Diversity and the Probability of Hiring a Nonwhite Teacher: Evidence from Texas
… This study investigates whether a principal’s likelihood of hiring a teacher of color is sensitive to the racial composition of students in the school. We used an … dataset from Texas including 59,157 principal observations and 662,997 teacher observations spanning 2000 to 2017 in …This study investigates whether a principal’s likelihood of hiring a teacher of color is sensitive to the racial composition of students in the school. We used an administrative dataset from Texas including 59,157 principal observations and 662,997 teacher observations spanning 2000 to 2017 in order to consider whether or not the disappearing diversity from a majority white school is a factor in… more →
Immigrant Integration in the United States: The Role of Adult English Language Training
… While current debates center on whether and how to admit immigrants to the United States, little attention has been paid to … the primary policy lever for building the language skills of the over 23 million adults with limited English …While current debates center on whether and how to admit immigrants to the United States, little attention has been paid to interventions designed to help immigrants integrate after they arrive. Public adult education programs are the primary policy lever for building the language skills of the over 23 million adults with limited English proficiency in the United States. We leverage the… more →
Does School Funding Matter In a Pandemic? COVID-19 Instructional Models and School Funding Adequacy
… The factors that influenced school districts’ decisions to … school year—the first full school year after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic—have been the focus of a large body … instruction. We find spending adequacy significantly and substantially predicts time spent in virtual instruction: …The factors that influenced school districts’ decisions to offer virtual, hybrid, or in-person instruction during the 2020-21 school year—the first full school year after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic—have been the focus of a large body of research in recent years. Some of this research examines the influence of school spending, among other factors; however, these studies do not consider… more →
Ready for What? School and District Responses to State College and Career Readiness Accountability in Tennessee
… accountability system incorporates three distinct measures of college and career readiness (CCR) for state and federal … Opportunities (EPSOs), standardized tests like the ACT and SAT, completion of industry certifications, and …Tennessee’s K-12 accountability system incorporates three distinct measures of college and career readiness (CCR) for state and federal accountability. Each of these indicators applies its own set of metrics and performance benchmarks, but they all consistently draw upon similar components including participation in Early Postsecondary Opportunities (EPSOs), standardized tests like the ACT and… more →
Implementation and Impacts of Career-Focused Advising
… Recent policies have expanded the availability of career-focused advising in high schools, including for students pursuing career and technical education (CTE) courses of study who might not …Recent policies have expanded the availability of career-focused advising in high schools, including for students pursuing career and technical education (CTE) courses of study who might not have been adequately served by traditional college-focused advising. However, there is limited research on the effects of these policies. This study examines the implementation and impacts of career-focused… more →
Do Health Insurance Mandates Spillover to Education? Evidence from Michigan’s Autism Insurance Mandate
… Social programs and mandates are usually studied in isolation even though they often interact closely with each other. Given the immense recent changes to health insurance systems, there … interacts with education, specifically the education of students with disabilities. We present the first analysis …Social programs and mandates are usually studied in isolation even though they often interact closely with each other. Given the immense recent changes to health insurance systems, there is much potential for spillover effects to other systems in which health plays a large role. In this study, we examine how health insurance interacts with education, specifically the education of students with… more →
The Effects of School Building HVAC System Conditions on Student Academic and Behavioral Outcomes
… There is growing awareness of the importance of school building environments for student health, well-being, and even educational outcomes. We ask in this study what role …There is growing awareness of the importance of school building environments for student health, well-being, and even educational outcomes. We ask in this study what role school building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems play in shaping student attendance, behavior, and learning. In particular, we extract information from school building inspection reports and link them to… more →
Reforming Teacher Pension Plans: The Case of Kansas, the 1st Teacher Cash Balance Plan
… The ongoing crisis in teacher pension funding has led states … replace the traditional benefit formulas, based on years of service and final average salary (FAS). One such design is a cash …The ongoing crisis in teacher pension funding has led states to consider various reforms in plan design, to replace the traditional benefit formulas, based on years of service and final average salary (FAS). One such design is a cash balance (CB) plan, long deployed in the private sector, and increasingly considered, but rarely yet adopted for teachers. Such plans are structured with… more →
Impacts of COVID-19 on the Child Care Sector: Evidence from North Carolina
… COVID-19 has created acute challenges for the child care sector, potentially leading to a shortage of supply and a shrinking sector as the economy recovers. This study …COVID-19 has created acute challenges for the child care sector, potentially leading to a shortage of supply and a shrinking sector as the economy recovers. This study provides the first comprehensive, census-level evaluation of the medium-term impacts of COVID-19 on the county child care market in a large and diverse state, North Carolina. We also document the disproportionate impacts of COVID-… more →
More STEM Credentials at What Cost? Unpacking 2-Year Colleges’ Response to the STEM Incentive in Performance-Based Funding
… gained significant traction in US higher education over the past few decades. It aims to improve student outcomes by tying a portion of state funding to outcomes (e.g., graduation, retention). … workforce metrics to their PBF policies to promote STEM and health credentials aimed at strengthening the local labor …Objective: Performance-based funding (PBF) has gained significant traction in US higher education over the past few decades. It aims to improve student outcomes by tying a portion of state funding to outcomes (e.g., graduation, retention). In recent years, an increasing number of states have added workforce metrics to their PBF policies to promote STEM and health credentials aimed at… more →
Distinguishing Burdens from Benefits in Early Care and Education Policy
… when they render government functions ineffective and inefficient. But one can mislabel the core purposes and benefits of a policy’s existence as burdens. Applying the …Contemporary policy conversations discuss burdens imposed by regulations, describing when they render government functions ineffective and inefficient. But one can mislabel the core purposes and benefits of a policy’s existence as burdens. Applying the administrative burden framework to early care and education (ECE) policy, we describe what ECE providers face while navigating disparate state and… more →
The Effects of Economic Conditions on the Labor Market for Teachers
… on new teacher quality, but has not been able to determine the extent to which this relationship arises from a supply response (increased quantity or positive selection of teaching candidates) vs. a demand response (selection in … In this paper, I use longitudinal data on students and teachers in Massachusetts to describe the effects of …Prior research has found that economic downturns have positive effects on new teacher quality, but has not been able to determine the extent to which this relationship arises from a supply response (increased quantity or positive selection of teaching candidates) vs. a demand response (selection in hiring enabled by falling demand). In this paper, I use longitudinal data on students and teachers… more →
Evolution vs. Creationism in the Classroom: The Lasting Effects of Science Education
… societies. Can schools be an important agent in mitigating the propagation of such attitudes? This paper investigates the effect of the … science education on anti-scientific attitudes, knowledge, and choices. The analysis exploits staggered reforms that …Anti-scientific attitudes can impose substantial costs on societies. Can schools be an important agent in mitigating the propagation of such attitudes? This paper investigates the effect of the content of science education on anti-scientific attitudes, knowledge, and choices. The analysis exploits staggered reforms that reduce or expand the coverage of evolution theory in US state science… more →
Unequal & Increasingly Unfair: How Federal Policy Creates Disparities in Special Education Funding
… The formula used to allocate federal funding for state and local special education programs is one of the Individual with Disabilities Act’s most critical …The formula used to allocate federal funding for state and local special education programs is one of the Individual with Disabilities Act’s most critical components. The formula not only serves as the primary mechanism for dividing available federal dollars among states, it also represents policymakers’ intent to equalize educational opportunities for students with disabilities nationwide. In… more →
Understanding Differential Growth During School Years and Summers for Students in Special Education
… Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, schools are required to provide a free and appropriate public education to students with … in special education (never-SPED). We follow one cohort of about 4,200 students for five years and assess the …Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, schools are required to provide a free and appropriate public education to students with disabilities and show that the students are making academic progress. This study compares within- and across-years academic growth from kindergarten to 4th grade for students who were ever in special education (ever-SPED) to students who were never in… more →
The Opioid Crisis and Educational Performance
… The opioid crisis is widely recognized as one of the most important public health emergencies of our time, and an issue that is particularly acute for rural …The opioid crisis is widely recognized as one of the most important public health emergencies of our time, and an issue that is particularly acute for rural communities. We propose a simple model of how opioids in a community can impact the education outcomes of children based on both the extent of exposure to opioids in the community and the child’s vulnerability to any given level of exposure.… more →
The Importance of Cognitive Domains and the Returns to Schooling in South Africa: Evidence from Two Labor Surveys
… Numerous studies have considered the important role of cognition in estimating the returns to schooling. How … in two samples. We instrument for schooling levels and we find that each additional year of schooling leads to …Numerous studies have considered the important role of cognition in estimating the returns to schooling. How cognitive abilities affect schooling may have important policy implications, especially in developing countries during periods of increasing educational attainment. Using two longitudinal labor surveys that collect direct proxy measures of cognitive skills, we study the importance of… more →
Nurturing Nature: How Brain Development is Inherently Social and Emotional, and What This Means for Education
… in neurobiology are revealing that brain development and the learning it enables are directly dependent on social-emotional experience. Growing bodies of research reveal the importance of socially-triggered …New advances in neurobiology are revealing that brain development and the learning it enables are directly dependent on social-emotional experience. Growing bodies of research reveal the importance of socially-triggered epigenetic contributions to brain development and brain network configuration, with implications for social-emotional functioning, cognition, motivation and learning. Brain… more →
The Impact of the 2023 Students for Fair Admissions v Harvard Decision on Undergraduate Demographics
… The 2023 Supreme Court decision Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College (SFFA) effectively ended the explicit …The 2023 Supreme Court decision Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College (SFFA) effectively ended the explicit consideration of race in college admissions. This paper examines the impact of SFFA on the racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic composition of undergraduate populations across institutional sectors. Using 2018–2024 data from the Integrated Postsecondary… more →
Policy Impacts of Reimbursement Rate Reform: Evidence from the Child Care and Development Fund
… The Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) subsidizes child care costs for … extremely low compared with market rates and actual cost of care. We examine how the 2014 congressional … affected the national supply and quality of child care. Using a triple difference design, we investigate the …The Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) subsidizes child care costs for families with low-incomes. Reimbursements for cost-subsidized care are paid to child care providers but are extremely low compared with market rates and actual cost of care. We examine how the 2014 congressional reauthorization of CCDF, which recommended states increase subsidy reimbursement rates to the 75th percentile of… more →