EdWorkingPapers
Public Investments and Class Gaps in Parents’ Developmental Expenditures
… Families and governments are the primary sources of investment in children, proving access to basic resources …Families and governments are the primary sources of investment in children, proving access to basic resources and other developmental opportunities. Recent research identifies significant class gaps in parental investments that contribute to high levels of inequality by family income and education and, potentially, to inequality in children’s development. State-level public… more →
The Unintended Effects of the Common Core State Standards on Non-Targeted Subjects
… states have aligned their education standards by adopting the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for math and English Language Arts. The CCSS did not target other … such as science and social studies. We estimate spillovers of the CCSS on student achievement in non-targeted subjects …From 2010 onwards, most US states have aligned their education standards by adopting the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for math and English Language Arts. The CCSS did not target other subjects such as science and social studies. We estimate spillovers of the CCSS on student achievement in non-targeted subjects in models with state and year fixed effects. Using student achievement data from… more →
Uniform Admissions, Unequal Access: Did the Top 10% Plan Increase Access to Selective Flagship Institutions?
… The Top 10% Plan admissions policy has now been in place in Texas for over two decades. We analyze 18 years of post-Top 10% Plan data to look for evidence of increased … benefits of the policy appear to be overstated and may not go as far as advocates might have hoped in terms …The Top 10% Plan admissions policy has now been in place in Texas for over two decades. We analyze 18 years of post-Top 10% Plan data to look for evidence of increased access to the selective Texas flagship campuses among all Texas high schools. We provide a detailed description of changes in enrollment patterns at the flagship campuses from Texas high schools after the implementation of the Top… more →
Diversifying the Teaching Profession: How to Recruit and Retain Teachers of Color
… Research illustrates the importance of greater teacher diversity because of the substantial … benefits teachers of color provide to all students, and to students of color in particular. Studies also show …Research illustrates the importance of greater teacher diversity because of the substantial benefits teachers of color provide to all students, and to students of color in particular. Studies also show that policies must focus more effectively on retention of teachers of color, if diversity in the teaching profession is to be sustained. While more teachers of color are being recruited than in… more →
College Students and Career Aspirations: Nudging Student Interest in Teaching
… students at a large public university to understand the pecuniary and non-pecuniary factors driving their college major and … will pursue teaching, almost 27% report a nonzero chance of working as a teacher in the future. Students, relative to …We survey undergraduate students at a large public university to understand the pecuniary and non-pecuniary factors driving their college major and career decisions with a focus on K-12 teaching. While the average student reports there is a 6% chance they will pursue teaching, almost 27% report a nonzero chance of working as a teacher in the future. Students, relative to existing statistics,… more →
The Enduring Struggle of Standards-Based Reform: Lessons from a National Research Center on College and Career-Ready Standards
… Standards have been at the heart of state and federal efforts to improve education for several …Standards have been at the heart of state and federal efforts to improve education for several decades. Most recently, standards-based reforms have evolved with a focus on more ambitious "college- and career-ready" (CCR) standards. This paper synthesizes the results of a seven-year national research center focused on the implementation and effects of CCR standards. The paper draws on… more →
Experimental education research: clarifying why, how and when to use random assignment
… Over the last twenty years, education researchers have … conducted randomised experiments with the goal of informing the decisions of educators and policymakers. Such experiments have generally employed …Over the last twenty years, education researchers have increasingly conducted randomised experiments with the goal of informing the decisions of educators and policymakers. Such experiments have generally employed broad, consequential, standardised outcome measures in the hope that this would allow decisionmakers to compare effectiveness of different approaches. However, a combination of small… more →
The Lingering Legacy of Redlining on School Funding, Diversity, and Performance
… Between 1935-1940 the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) assigned A (minimal … reflected their lending risk from previously issued loans and visualized these grades on color-coded maps, which … In this study, we leverage a spatial analysis of 144 HOLC-graded core-based statistical areas (CBSAs) to …Between 1935-1940 the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) assigned A (minimal risk) to D (hazardous) grades to neighborhoods that reflected their lending risk from previously issued loans and visualized these grades on color-coded maps, which arguably influenced banks and other mortgage lenders to provide or deny home loans within residential neighborhoods. In this study, we leverage a spatial… more →
The Reform Logics of Teaching: How Institutionalized Conceptions of Teaching Shape Teacher Professional Identity
… Teachers’ professional identities are the foundation of their practice. Previous scholarship has largely … across four US states (California, New York, Florida, and Texas), and develop an original survey measure to capture …Teachers’ professional identities are the foundation of their practice. Previous scholarship has largely overlooked the extent to which the broader institutional environment shapes teachers’ professional identities. In this study, I bridge institutional logics with theory on teacher professional identity to empirically examine the deeply institutionalized, taken-for-granted ways American society… more →
The impact of increasing school resources on peer victimization: Evidence from targeted funding on low-income families in Chile
… While a large body of literature has examined the impact of school spending on … about its effect on students’ socioemotional development and school experiences. This study contributes to narrowing …While a large body of literature has examined the impact of school spending on academic outcomes, far less is known about its effect on students’ socioemotional development and school experiences. This study contributes to narrowing this gap by evaluating the impact of a nationwide school finance reform in Chile on peer victimization in high schools. The reform significantly increased school… more →
Correspondence Measures for Assessing Replication Success
… Given recent evidence challenging the replicability of results in the social and behavioral sciences, critical questions have been raised …Given recent evidence challenging the replicability of results in the social and behavioral sciences, critical questions have been raised about appropriate measures for determining replication success in comparing effect estimates across studies. At issue is the fact that conclusions about replication success often depend on the measure used for evaluating correspondence in… more →
How America’s Schools Responded to the COVID Crisis
… COVID-19 has forced essentially all schools in the country to close their doors to inperson activities. In … across school types. We focus on five main constructs of school activity during COVID-19: personalization and engagement in instruction, personalization and engagement …COVID-19 has forced essentially all schools in the country to close their doors to inperson activities. In this study, we provide new evidence about variation in school responses across school types. We focus on five main constructs of school activity during COVID-19: personalization and engagement in instruction, personalization and engagement in other school communication with students,… more →
Beyond the Shutdown: Tracking Language Growth in Early Head Start Children Before, During, and After COVID-19
… early language outcomes for low-income children in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic is an important concern for researchers, policymakers, and educators. We examined language environments and language …Understanding early language outcomes for low-income children in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic is an important concern for researchers, policymakers, and educators. We examined language environments and language development among infants and toddlers in Early Head Start from pre-COVID, through the pandemic peak and beyond to 2025. Study children were aged 2-43 months (N = 2,763; 47% girls; 42… more →
New Places, New Players, a New Politics of Education
… In the last decade, many political conflicts over K-12 education … it may seem like this development represents a sudden and surprising departure from a long-standing tradition of bipartisanship, I argue that the politics of education has …In the last decade, many political conflicts over K-12 education in the United States have increasingly divided along party lines. While it may seem like this development represents a sudden and surprising departure from a long-standing tradition of bipartisanship, I argue that the politics of education has been gradually growing more exposed to partisan conflict over a much longer period of time… more →
Bring in the Subs: A Mixed-Method Investigation of the Substitute Teacher Labor Market in Michigan
… function, yet little research has focused on understanding the contours of the substitute labor market. This paper uses a mixed … of substitute teachers, state administrative data, and interviews with district administrators and substitute …Substitute teachers play a crucial role in how schools can function, yet little research has focused on understanding the contours of the substitute labor market. This paper uses a mixed method approach, including a survey of a random sample of the population of substitute teachers, state administrative data, and interviews with district administrators and substitute teachers in Michigan to… more →
The Decline in Teacher Working Conditions During and After the COVID Pandemic
… 2016-17 to 2022-23, covering school years before, during, and after the COVID pandemic. We show working conditions were improving … the pandemic arrived. Perhaps more surprisingly, the peak of the pandemic was not a low point for teacher working …We study changes to teacher working conditions from 2016-17 to 2022-23, covering school years before, during, and after the COVID pandemic. We show working conditions were improving leading into the pandemic but declined when the pandemic arrived. Perhaps more surprisingly, the peak of the pandemic was not a low point for teacher working conditions, which have continued to decline during the post… more →
Out of Sight, Out of Mind? The Gap between Students’ Test Performance and Teachers’ Estimations in India and Bangladesh
… This is one of the first studies of the mismatch between students’ test scores and teachers’ estimations of those scores in low- and … leverage data on actual and estimated scores in math and language from India and Bangladesh and find that teachers …This is one of the first studies of the mismatch between students’ test scores and teachers’ estimations of those scores in low- and middle-income countries. Prior studies in high-income countries have found strong correlations between these metrics. We leverage data on actual and estimated scores in math and language from India and Bangladesh and find that teachers misestimate their students’… more →
The Democratic Deficit in U.S. Education Governance
… Political scientists have largely overlooked the democratic challenges inherent in the governance of U.S. public education—despite profound implications for educational delivery and, ultimately, social mobility and economic growth. In this …Political scientists have largely overlooked the democratic challenges inherent in the governance of U.S. public education—despite profound implications for educational delivery and, ultimately, social mobility and economic growth. In this study, we consider whether the interests of adult voters who elect school boards in each community are likely to be aligned with the educational needs of local… more →
Effects of the Flipped Classroom: Evidence from a Randomized Trial
… pedagogical model, students view a video lecture at home and work on exercises with the instructor during class time. Advocates of the flipped classroom claim the practice not only improves …In a flipped classroom, an increasingly popular pedagogical model, students view a video lecture at home and work on exercises with the instructor during class time. Advocates of the flipped classroom claim the practice not only improves student achievement, but also ameliorates the achievement gap. We conduct a randomized controlled trial at West Point and find that the flipped classroom… more →
Who refers whom? The effects of teacher characteristics on disciplinary office referrals
… Teachers affect a wide range of students’ educational and social outcomes, but how they … in school discipline is less understood. We estimate the impact of teacher demographics and other observed …Teachers affect a wide range of students’ educational and social outcomes, but how they contribute to students’ involvement in school discipline is less understood. We estimate the impact of teacher demographics and other observed qualifications on students’ likelihood of receiving a disciplinary referral. Using data that track all disciplinary referrals and the identity of both the referred and… more →
Estimating Student Growth on Psychological and Social-emotional Constructs: A Comparison of Multiple Scoring Approaches
… A huge portion of what we know about how humans develop, learn, behave, and interact is based on survey data. Researchers use longitudinal growth modeling to understand the development of students on psychological and …A huge portion of what we know about how humans develop, learn, behave, and interact is based on survey data. Researchers use longitudinal growth modeling to understand the development of students on psychological and social-emotional learning constructs across elementary and middle school. In these designs, students are typically administered a consistent set of self-report survey items across… more →
GenAI-101: What Undergraduate Students Need to Know and Actually Know About Generative AI
… various applications in education, from Socratic tutoring and writing assistance to teacher training and essay scoring. … widespread use among high school and college students in the United States, there is limited research on students’ understanding and perception of these technologies. This study aims to fill that gap by …In November 2022, OpenAI released ChatGPT, a groundbreaking generative AI chatbot backed by large language models (LLMs). Since then, these models have seen various applications in education, from Socratic tutoring and writing assistance to teacher training and essay scoring. Despite their widespread use among high school and college students in the United States, there is limited research on… more →
Testing frequency and student achievement: A systematic review
… Proponents argue that testing ensures accountability and guides teachers and managers, whereas opponents point to adverse consequences such as teaching to the test, and frequent testing creating anxiety and stress. This review examined the effects of interventions that change how frequently primary and …School-based testing is widely used for monitoring students’ academic progress. Proponents argue that testing ensures accountability and guides teachers and managers, whereas opponents point to adverse consequences such as teaching to the test, and frequent testing creating anxiety and stress. This review examined the effects of interventions that change how frequently primary and second-ary… more →
Education and Climate Change: Synthesizing the Evidence to Guide Future Research
… The effects of climate change are becoming increasingly visible across … U.S. PreK-12 education system. Schools are both vulnerable to climate change and uniquely positioned to be part of the solution. We …The effects of climate change are becoming increasingly visible across all aspects of the U.S. PreK-12 education system. Schools are both vulnerable to climate change and uniquely positioned to be part of the solution. We synthesize interdisciplinary research and data to illustrate the bi-directional relationship between schools and our changing climate. Drawing on this evidence, we map out a… more →
The Four Day Gamble: The Quasi-Experimental Effects of Four-Day School Week Adoption on Teacher, Principal, and Paraprofessional Staff Turnover and District Financial Outcomes
… districts that are seeking to reduce educator turnover and district expenditures. Using a staggered treatment event study design, I am among the first to estimate the quasi-experimental effects of 4DSW adoption on teacher, principal, and paraprofessional …Four-day school week (4DSW) adoption is an increasingly popular policy, particularly for rural districts that are seeking to reduce educator turnover and district expenditures. Using a staggered treatment event study design, I am among the first to estimate the quasi-experimental effects of 4DSW adoption on teacher, principal, and paraprofessional staff turnover. Further, I provide a valuable… more →
Teacher Working Conditions and Dissatisfaction Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
… With a goal of contextualizing teacher job dissatisfaction during the first full school year of the COVID-19 pandemic, we contrast teachers’ experiences to the decade and a half leading up to the pandemic. We draw on nationally …With a goal of contextualizing teacher job dissatisfaction during the first full school year of the COVID-19 pandemic, we contrast teachers’ experiences to the decade and a half leading up to the pandemic. We draw on nationally representative data from the Schools and Staffing Survey and National Teacher and Principal Survey from the 2003-04 to 2020-21 school years. Through descriptive and… more →
How Context Shapes the Relationship between School Autonomy and Test-Scores: An Explanatory Analysis using PISA 2015
… School autonomy has been and continues to be one of the most important education reform strategies around the …School autonomy has been and continues to be one of the most important education reform strategies around the world despite ambiguity about its theoretical and empirical effects on students learning. We use international data from PISA to test three country-level factors that might account for inconsistent results in prior literature: (1) the selective implementation of school autonomy based on… more →
Uncovering the sources of gender wage gaps among teachers: The role of compensation off the salary schedule
… male peers after controlling for experience, education, and school characteristics. Building on this literature, this … examines teacher salaries to provide empirical evidence of the extent of gender wage gaps in the teaching profession …Public teacher compensation is largely determined by fixed salary schedules that were designed to avoid payment inequalities based on demographic characteristics. Yet, recent research shows female teachers earn less than their male peers after controlling for experience, education, and school characteristics. Building on this literature, this paper examines teacher salaries to provide empirical… more →
The Dynamic Market for Short-Cycle Higher Education Programs
… (SCPs) form skilled human capital in two or three years and could be key to upskilling and reskilling the workforce, provided their supply responds fast and nimbly to local labor market needs. We study determinants of SCP entry and exit in Colombia for markets defined by …Short-cycle higher education programs (SCPs) form skilled human capital in two or three years and could be key to upskilling and reskilling the workforce, provided their supply responds fast and nimbly to local labor market needs. We study determinants of SCP entry and exit in Colombia for markets defined by geographic location and field of study. We show greater dynamism in the market for SCPs… more →
Best and Brightest? The Impact of Student Visa Restrictiveness on Who Attends College in the US
… international students to obtain F-1 visas. Yet, before the COVID-19 pandemic, student visa applicants already faced … approximately 27 percent refusal rate that varies by time and region. Using data on the universe of SAT takers between 2004 and 2015 matched with college …Recent immigration policies have created massive uncertainty for international students to obtain F-1 visas. Yet, before the COVID-19 pandemic, student visa applicants already faced an approximately 27 percent refusal rate that varies by time and region. Using data on the universe of SAT takers between 2004 and 2015 matched with college enrollment records, we examine how the anticipated F-1 visa… more →
Nudges Don’t Work When the Benefits Are Ambiguous: Evidence from a High-Stakes Education Program
… expose high school students to college-level content and provide the opportunity to earn college credits, in part to smooth … the transition to college. With the Tennessee Department of Education, we conduct the first randomized controlled …Dual-credit courses expose high school students to college-level content and provide the opportunity to earn college credits, in part to smooth the transition to college. With the Tennessee Department of Education, we conduct the first randomized controlled trial of the effects of dual-credit math coursework on a range of high school and college outcomes. We find that the dual-credit advanced… more →
The Role of Emergency Financial Relief Funding in Improving Low-Income Students’ Academic and Financial Outcomes Across Demographic Characteristics
… This quasi-experimental study examined the effectiveness of a one-time emergency financial relief program among Pell … pursuing their first bachelor’s degree across academic and financial outcomes. The academic outcomes included …This quasi-experimental study examined the effectiveness of a one-time emergency financial relief program among Pell Grant eligible undergraduate students in Spring 2015 pursuing their first bachelor’s degree across academic and financial outcomes. The academic outcomes included retention to the next semester, degree completion, attempted credit hours, and grade point average. The financial… more →
A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Corequisite English Developmental Education: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Texas Community Colleges
… We estimate the societal costs associated with corequisite and traditional pre-requisite English developmental education … by Miller et al. (2022) that estimated the effects of three different approaches to English corequisites …We estimate the societal costs associated with corequisite and traditional pre-requisite English developmental education and compare them to societal benefits. Our context is the randomized controlled trial conducted by Miller et al. (2022) that estimated the effects of three different approaches to English corequisites implemented in 5 Texas community colleges. The main drivers of differential… more →
Does Coursework Matter? Uncovering the Role of Skills in the Returns to College
… The continuing shift of the U.S. economy toward a high-skill base has increased … of literature in labor economics has focused on the causes and consequences of college enrollment, institutional … course descriptions from Texas public universities. Using a large language model (GPT-4), I construct …The continuing shift of the U.S. economy toward a high-skill base has increased the demand for college-educated workers. To understand how higher education prepares students for this evolving economy, a large body of literature in labor economics has focused on the causes and consequences of college enrollment, institutional selectivity, and major choice. Much less attention has been paid to a… more →
School-based language, math, and reading interventions for executive functions in children and adolescents: A systematic review
… Executive functions are a set of cognitive skills and processes used when directing behaviour towards the attainment of a certain goal. A large literature has …Executive functions are a set of cognitive skills and processes used when directing behaviour towards the attainment of a certain goal. A large literature has documented positive associations between executive functions and a variety of desirable outcomes throughout life, including academic achievement. However, training executive functions appears to have limited effects on academic achievement… more →
Staffing and Resource Allocation in College Access Reform: How Dual Credit Shifts Educational Costs
… that confers credit towards both high school graduation and a postsecondary degree. As DC has grown rapidly across the country, this study provides needed evidence about how … . We use economic evaluation methods to assess the cost of DC across three delivery models, where DC is administered …Objective. Dual credit (DC), or dual enrollment, is college-level coursework that confers credit towards both high school graduation and a postsecondary degree. As DC has grown rapidly across the country, this study provides needed evidence about how these courses shift resources and cost burdens among community colleges, school districts, and families.Methods. We use economic evaluation methods… more →
The West Texas Measles Outbreak and Student Absences
… rates are driving a measles resurgence in the US, yet little evidence documents how these outbreaks may … daily absence data from a school district at the center of the West Texas outbreak, this preregistered analysis finds … infections, suggesting substantial precautionary absences and possible infection undercounting. These findings provide …Declining child-vaccination rates are driving a measles resurgence in the US, yet little evidence documents how these outbreaks may disrupt schooling. Using daily absence data from a school district at the center of the West Texas outbreak, this preregistered analysis finds absences increased 41 percent relative to the within-year variation from two prior years, with larger effects among younger… more →
The Cobb Teaching & Learning System: An Initiative that Advances Educator Collaboration, Transformative Technology, and Real-Time Data Utilization
… The Cobb Teaching & Learning System (CTLS) is a digital learning initiative developed for and by the Cobb County School District (CCSD) in Georgia. … Looking at district-by-district comparisons, Cobb’s level of achievement and learning recovery resembles that of higher …The Cobb Teaching & Learning System (CTLS) is a digital learning initiative developed for and by the Cobb County School District (CCSD) in Georgia. CTLS became a crucial initiative used by the district to maintain student academic progress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, this case study seeks to analyze CTLS’s design and implementation, focusing on digital… more →
Resegregating the Academy: How Anti-DEI Politics Dismantle Faculty Racial Equity Infrastructure
… Since 2021, state legislatures and then the federal government have moved to dismantle … argue that the supports under assault constitute a system of faculty racial equity infrastructure spanning K-12 …Since 2021, state legislatures and then the federal government have moved to dismantle programs and offices built over seventy-five years to reduce barriers for racially marginalized people in American higher education—losses largely examined in scholarship and media piecemeal, one policy or state at a time. We argue that the supports under assault constitute a system of faculty racial equity… more →
Closing gaps for racial minorities and immigrants through school-to-work linkages and occupational match
… This study investigates the role of college major choices in labor market outcomes, with a focus on racial minorities and immigrants. Drawing upon research on school-to-work …This study investigates the role of college major choices in labor market outcomes, with a focus on racial minorities and immigrants. Drawing upon research on school-to-work linkages, we examine two measures, linkage – the connection between college majors and specific occupations in the labor market – and match – the alignment of workers’ occupations with their college majors. Analyzing data… more →
Are Students On Track?: Comparing the Predictive Validity of Administrative and Survey Measures of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills for Long-Term Outcomes
… skills, self-regulation, behavior, course performance, and test scores for 8th-grade students from a Northeast … GPA, and an absences-suspensions index are included in the predictive models. For leaders hoping to identify the … … Returns to education and skills … Multiple outcomes of education … Program and policy effects … Are Students On …Education leaders need valid metrics to predict students’ long-term success. We use a unique dataset with cognitive skills, self-regulation, behavior, course performance, and test scores for 8th-grade students from a Northeast school district. We link these data to students' high school outcomes, college enrollment, persistence, and on-time degree completion. Survey-based cognitive and self-… more →
Teacher Retention and Quality in the Four-Day School Week
… The four-day school week is a school calendar that has become … common following the COVID-19 pandemic. Proponents of the calendar often claim that offering teachers a regular … weekend will help schools better retain existing teachers and recruit new teachers to their district without incurring …The four-day school week is a school calendar that has become increasingly common following the COVID-19 pandemic. Proponents of the calendar often claim that offering teachers a regular 3-day weekend will help schools better retain existing teachers and recruit new teachers to their district without incurring additional costs due to higher salaries or other pecuniary benefits. However, there is… more →
How the Engagement of High-Profile Partisan Officials Affects Education Politics, Public Opinion, and Polarization
… intervene in education policy debates? We analyzed the results of 18 survey experiments conducted between 2009 and 2021 with nationally representative samples of U.S. …What happens to public opinion when prominent partisan officials intervene in education policy debates? We analyzed the results of 18 survey experiments conducted between 2009 and 2021 with nationally representative samples of U.S. adults. Each experiment explored the effect of an endorsement of a specific education policy by a high-profile partisan official on the public’s attitudes toward that… more →
Where are the Gifted English Learners and Students with Disabilities?
… documented substantial inequity across, racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic lines within the population of students identified as gifted. Less attention has paid to …Prior research has documented substantial inequity across, racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic lines within the population of students identified as gifted. Less attention has paid to the equity of gifted identification for student learning English or those with disabilities and what effect state policies toward gifted education might have on these rates. This paper attempted to fill that void by… more →
The NCTE Transcripts: A Dataset of Elementary Math Classroom Transcripts
… Classroom discourse is a core medium of instruction --- analyzing it can provide a window into teaching and learning as well as driving the development of new tools for improving instruction. We …Classroom discourse is a core medium of instruction --- analyzing it can provide a window into teaching and learning as well as driving the development of new tools for improving instruction. We introduce the largest dataset of mathematics classroom transcripts available to researchers, and demonstrate how this data can help improve instruction. The dataset consists of 1,660 45-60 minute long 4th… more →
From Disruption to Recovery: Charter School Performance During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
… In recent decades, an increasing number of students have pursued alternative educational options, … has continued to expand. This trend was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. While it is well established that … loss or the pace of recovery has differed between charter and traditional public schools (TPS). In the current study, …In recent decades, an increasing number of students have pursued alternative educational options, including charter schools, as school choice has continued to expand. This trend was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. While it is well established that students experienced widespread learning loss during the pandemic, it remains unclear whether the extent of that loss or the pace of recovery has… more →
The Opportunity Costs of Career and Technical Education: Coursetaking Tradeoffs for High School CTE Students
… Career and Technical Education (CTE) has long played a substantial, … student engagement and prepare students for success in the workforce, detractors caution that CTE may inhibit … to which CTE may limit course taking in a wide range of subjects (including core academic subjects, electives, and …Career and Technical Education (CTE) has long played a substantial, though controversial, role within America’s public schools. While supporters argue that CTE may increase student engagement and prepare students for success in the workforce, detractors caution that CTE may inhibit students’ access to the rigorous academic coursework needed for college and high-status careers. As students’ time… more →
A Systematic Review of Research on Tutoring Implementation: Considerations when Undertaking Complex Instructional Supports for Students
… academically. This study synthesizes 33 articles on the implementation of tutoring, defined as one-to-one or small-group instruction … an academic subject, to better understand the facilitators and barriers to program success. We find that policies …Tutoring has emerged as an especially promising strategy for supporting students academically. This study synthesizes 33 articles on the implementation of tutoring, defined as one-to-one or small-group instruction in which a human tutor supports students grades K-12 in an academic subject, to better understand the facilitators and barriers to program success. We find that policies influenced… more →
COVID-19 Diagnoses and University Student Performance: Evidence from Linked Administrative Health and Education Data
… We analyze the impact of COVID-19 diagnoses on student grades, retention, and on-time graduation at a large public university. Even … quarantine may cause non-trivial disruptions to learning. Using event study analysis, we find that a COVID-19 diagnosis …We analyze the impact of COVID-19 diagnoses on student grades, retention, and on-time graduation at a large public university. Even though COVID-19 rarely causes major health complications for a typical university student, diagnosis and quarantine may cause non-trivial disruptions to learning. Using event study analysis, we find that a COVID-19 diagnosis decreased a student's term grade point… more →
Labor Market Effects of Short-Cycle Higher Education Programs: Lessons from Colombia
… This paper estimates the heterogeneous labor market effects of enrolling in higher education short-cycle (SC) programs. … who would not have enrolled in higher education otherwise) and the diversion margin (students who would have enrolled in …This paper estimates the heterogeneous labor market effects of enrolling in higher education short-cycle (SC) programs. Expanding access to these programs might affect the behavior of some students (compliers) in two margins: the expansion margin (students who would not have enrolled in higher education otherwise) and the diversion margin (students who would have enrolled in bachelor’s programs… more →