EdWorkingPapers
The Promises and Pitfalls of Using Language Models to Measure Instruction Quality in Education
… is a fundamental component of any improvement efforts in the education system. However, traditional manual assessments are expensive, subjective, and heavily dependent on observers’ expertise and … and data … Multiple outcomes of education … The Promises and Pitfalls of Using Language Models to Measure …Assessing instruction quality is a fundamental component of any improvement efforts in the education system. However, traditional manual assessments are expensive, subjective, and heavily dependent on observers’ expertise and idiosyncratic factors, preventing teachers from getting timely and frequent feedback. Different from prior research that focuses on low-inference instructional practices… more →
The Rise of (E)quality Politics: The Political Development of Higher Education Policy, 1969-1999
… Public discussions of racial inclusion and equal opportunity initiatives in the U.S. are often met with claims that expanding access to …Public discussions of racial inclusion and equal opportunity initiatives in the U.S. are often met with claims that expanding access to an institution, space, or public good is likely to diminish its quality. Examples of this pattern include: anticipated (and real) property value declines when predominantly white neighborhoods become more racially diverse; fears that the excellence of white… more →
Returns to Different Postsecondary Investments: Institution Type, Academic Programs, and Credentials
… Early research on the returns to higher education treated the postsecondary … In reality, postsecondary education in the United States and around the world is highly differentiated, with a variety of options that differ by credential (associates degree, …Early research on the returns to higher education treated the postsecondary system as a monolith. In reality, postsecondary education in the United States and around the world is highly differentiated, with a variety of options that differ by credential (associates degree, bachelor’s degree, diploma, certificate, graduate degree), the control of the institution (public, private not-for-… more →
What can we learn from the research on public school reopening decisions in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic?
… Background : After the near-universal school closures in the United States at the start of the pandemic, lawmakers and educational leaders made plans for when and how to reopen …Background: After the near-universal school closures in the United States at the start of the pandemic, lawmakers and educational leaders made plans for when and how to reopen schools for the 2020-21 school year. As school reopening plans and data sets aggregating reopening statuses became available, researchers moved quickly to assess how a range of public health, political,… more →
What makes a program good? Evidence from short-cycle higher education programs in five developing countries
… (SCPs) can play a central role in skill development and higher education expansion, yet their quality varies … within and among countries. In this paper we explore the relationship between programs’ practices and inputs … Dominican Republic, Ecuador, and Peru. Categories of quality determinants include training and curriculum, …Short-cycle higher education programs (SCPs) can play a central role in skill development and higher education expansion, yet their quality varies greatly within and among countries. In this paper we explore the relationship between programs’ practices and inputs (quality determinants) and student academic and labor market outcomes. We design and conduct a novel survey to collect program-level… more →
Complementarities between Early Educational Intervention and Later Educational Quality? A Systematic Review of the Sustaining Environments Hypothesis
… The sustaining environments hypothesis refers to the popular … idea, stemming from theories in developmental, cognitive, and educational psychology, that the long-term success of early educational interventions is contingent on the …The sustaining environments hypothesis refers to the popular idea, stemming from theories in developmental, cognitive, and educational psychology, that the long-term success of early educational interventions is contingent on the quality of the subsequent learning environment. Several studies have investigated whether specific kindergarten classroom and other elementary school factors account… more →
State Investment in Higher Education: Effects on Human Capital Formation, Student Debt, and Long-Term Financial Outcomes of Students
… Most public colleges and universities rely heavily on state financial support. As … concerns expressed by policymakers and scholars that the declines in state support have reduced the return to … little evidence exists that can identify the causal effect of these funds on long-run outcomes. We present the first …Most public colleges and universities rely heavily on state financial support. As state budgets have tightened in recent decades, appropriations for higher education have declined substantially. Despite concerns expressed by policymakers and scholars that the declines in state support have reduced the return to education investment for public sector students, little evidence exists that can… more →
The Impact of COVID-19 on Community College Enrollment and Student Success: Evidence from California Administrative Data
… Enrollment increased slightly at both the California State University and University of California systems in fall 2020, but the effects of the …Enrollment increased slightly at both the California State University and University of California systems in fall 2020, but the effects of the pandemic on enrollment in the California Community College system are mostly unknown and might differ substantially from the effects on 4-year colleges. This paper provides the first analysis of how the pandemic impacted enrollment patterns and the… more →
Bending Without Breaking - COVID-19 Tests the Resilience of State Education Policymaking Institutions
… COVID-19 upended schooling across the United States, but with what consequences for the … state government education policymakers changed schools and schooling from the moment they began to reckon with the seriousness of COVID-19 through the first full academic year of the …COVID-19 upended schooling across the United States, but with what consequences for the state-level institutions that drive most education policy? This paper reports findings on two related research questions. First, what were the most important ways state government education policymakers changed schools and schooling from the moment they began to reckon with the seriousness of COVID-19… more →
What We Can Learn About Latin American Educational Systems from International Tests: A Brief Foray
… The Revista del Centro de Estudios Educativos, numero 3, 1971 included an early Carnoy article on the economics of education: “Un enfoque de sistemas para evaluar la … test scores, students’ family background characteristics, and information about teachers and other school inputs for …The Revista del Centro de Estudios Educativos, numero 3, 1971 included an early Carnoy article on the economics of education: “Un enfoque de sistemas para evaluar la educación, ilustrado con datos de Puerto Rico.” The article used a unique data set that had student test scores, students’ family background characteristics, and information about teachers and other school inputs for about one-… more →
Understanding and Meeting the Needs of Part-time Community College Students: A Mixed Methods Analysis of Community College Administrator Perspectives and State-Wide Administrative Data
… evidence on how to effectively improve college attainment of part-time students. This mixed methods study, situated in … gap by developing a more complete understanding of the part-time student population, their challenges and needs, as well as the types of interventions and programs …While most community college students enroll part-time, there is little evidence on how to effectively improve college attainment of part-time students. This mixed methods study, situated in Texas, addresses this research gap by developing a more complete understanding of the part-time student population, their challenges and needs, as well as the types of interventions and programs that might… more →
Bricks and Mortar vs. Computers and Modems: The Impacts of Enrollment in K-12 Virtual Schools
… The COVID-19 pandemic has put virtual schooling at the forefront of policy concerns, as millions of children worldwide shift … implications for school choice, online education, and education policy. Despite the increasing demand for K-12 …The COVID-19 pandemic has put virtual schooling at the forefront of policy concerns, as millions of children worldwide shift to virtual schooling with hopes of “slowing the spread”. Given the emergency shift to online education coupled with the large increase in demand for virtual education over the last decade it is imperative to explore the impacts of virtual education on student outcomes.… more →
The Educational Gradient in Health among Children in Immigrant Families
… Educational inequality in the health of U.S. children—what social scientists refer to as the … present at birth for virtually every marker of health, and increases throughout childhood. However, a puzzling …Educational inequality in the health of U.S. children—what social scientists refer to as the “educational gradient” in health—is present at birth for virtually every marker of health, and increases throughout childhood. However, a puzzling contradiction to this pattern has been observed among the growing population of youth in immigrant families. Some evidence suggests an… more →
Socio-economic inequalities in opportunities and participation in in-person learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
… The disruption of in-person schooling during the Covid-19 pandemic has affected students’ learning, development, and well-being. Students in Latin America and the Caribbean … factors are associated with the slow in-person return to school in the region and how these factors have had …The disruption of in-person schooling during the Covid-19 pandemic has affected students’ learning, development, and well-being. Students in Latin America and the Caribbean have been hit particularly hard because schools in the region have stayed closed for longer than anywhere else, with long-term expected adverse consequences. Little is known about which factors are associated with the slow… more →
Screening with Multitasking: Theory and Empirical Evidence from Teacher Tenure Reform
… employers screen their employees but only observe a subset of output? We specify a model with heterogeneous employees and show that their response to the screening affects output in both the probationary period …What happens when employers screen their employees but only observe a subset of output? We specify a model with heterogeneous employees and show that their response to the screening affects output in both the probationary period and the post-probationary period. The post-probationary impact is due to their heterogeneous responses affecting which individuals are retained and hence the screening… more →
What Happened to the K-12 Education Labor Market During COVID? The Acute Need for Better Data Systems
… The COVID-19 pandemic upended the U.S. education system and the economy in ways that dramatically affected the jobs of K-12 educators. However, data limitations have led to …The COVID-19 pandemic upended the U.S. education system and the economy in ways that dramatically affected the jobs of K-12 educators. However, data limitations have led to considerable uncertainty and conflicting reports about the nature of staffing challenges in schools. We draw on education employment data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and State Education Agencies (SEA) to… more →
Dual Language Program Expansion and Dispersion in the Context of Neighborhood Change, School Choice, and Enrollment Decline
… Purpose. Bilingual programs in the United States, particularly two-way dual language … been implemented since the 1960s to support the education of English Learner-classified (EL-classified) and language minoritized students. Over the past decade, TWDL …Purpose. Bilingual programs in the United States, particularly two-way dual language immersion (TWDL) programs, have been implemented since the 1960s to support the education of English Learner-classified (EL-classified) and language minoritized students. Over the past decade, TWDL programs have grown significantly across the United States. This study examines TWDL program growth in Los… more →
The State of State Civics Scores: An Application of Multilevel Regression with Post-Stratification using NAEP Test Scores
… The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has tested the civic, or … since its very inception. Despite advancements in reading and mathematics, evidenced by results from the National … of Multilevel Regression with Post-Stratification using NAEP Test Scores …The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has tested the civic, or citizenship knowledge of students across the nation at irregular intervals since its very inception. Despite advancements in reading and mathematics, evidenced by results from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), civics proficiency has remained consistently low, which raises concerns among… more →
The Impact of Targeted vs. General Education Investments: Evidence from Special Education and English Language Learners in Boston Charter Schools
… Using novel variation in special education and English Language Learner classification from admissions … services. Enrolling in a Boston charter school doubles the likelihood that students lose their special education or … choice, for-profits, vendors) … Multiple outcomes of education … Program and policy effects … The Impact of …Using novel variation in special education and English Language Learner classification from admissions lotteries, I find that students can achieve large academic gains without specialized services. Enrolling in a Boston charter school doubles the likelihood that students lose their special education or English Language Learner status, but exposes students to a high-performing general education… more →
Do Women Still Earn Less than Men after College Graduation: Evidence from the Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study 1993 Cohort
… continuously caught up with men in education attainment and labor market participation since the 1970s, the wage gap between men and women still … their male counterparts if men’s and women’s “profiles” of observed productivity-related characteristics are …Even though women have continuously caught up with men in education attainment and labor market participation since the 1970s, the wage gap between men and women still universally exists today. Do female college graduates still earn less than their male counterparts if men’s and women’s “profiles” of observed productivity-related characteristics are statistically adjusted to be equivalent? To… more →
ESSER III Investments in North Carolina: A Preliminary Analysis of PRC 181 and PRC 182
… In response to the Covid-19 pandemic and school disruption, both the federal and state government … the ESSER III funding through the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, were provided to individual Public School Units …In response to the Covid-19 pandemic and school disruption, both the federal and state government have sought to allocate needed funding to schools so they can provide adequate instruction and safe learning spaces to students in North Carolina. These funds, particularly the ESSER III funding through the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, were provided to individual Public School Units (PSUs)… more →
Sit Down Now: How Teachers' Language Reveals the Dynamics of Classroom Management Practices
… Teachers’ attitudes and classroom management practices critically affect … academic and behavioral outcomes, contributing to the persistent issue of racial disparities in school discipline. Yet, identifying …Teachers’ attitudes and classroom management practices critically affect students’ academic and behavioral outcomes, contributing to the persistent issue of racial disparities in school discipline. Yet, identifying and improving classroom management at scale is challenging, as existing methods require expensive classroom observations by experts. We apply natural language processing methods to… more →
Beyond Traditional Academic Degrees: The Labor Market Returns to Occupational Credentials in the United States
… Occupational credentials provide an additional—and, at times, alternative—path other than traditional … and qualifications to employers. These credentials take the form of licenses and certifications. Although a critical part of …Occupational credentials provide an additional—and, at times, alternative—path other than traditional academic degrees for individuals to increase productivity and demonstrate their abilities and qualifications to employers. These credentials take the form of licenses and certifications. Although a critical part of the workforce landscape, the literature on the returns to credentials is… more →
The Distribution of School Resources in The United States: A Comparative Analysis Across Levels of Governance, Student Sub-groups, And Educational Resources
… Levels of governance (the nation, states, and districts), student … (expenditures, class sizes, and teacher quality) intersect to represent a complex and comprehensive picture of K-12 …Levels of governance (the nation, states, and districts), student subgroups (racially and ethnically minoritized and economically disadvantaged students), and types of resources (expenditures, class sizes, and teacher quality) intersect to represent a complex and comprehensive picture of K-12 educational resource inequality. Drawing on multiple sources of the most recently available data, we… more →
Funding Shocks and University Behavior: A synthetic control evaluation of Colorado's College Opportunity Fund
… Discussion of the rising price of higher education and associated student debt in America has been a key feature … the design. These findings provide robust evidence of the pitfalls of state disinvestment in higher education, and the …Discussion of the rising price of higher education and associated student debt in America has been a key feature of political discourse in recent memory, with renewed interest sparked by the announcement of the student loan forgiveness plan. Federal student debt has increased by 756% since 1995, and total student debt tripled from 2007 to 2022. Concurrently, state support for public… more →
Inequity and College Applications: Assessing Differences and Disparities in Letters of Recommendation from School Counselors with Natural Language Processing
… Letters of recommendation from school counselors are required to apply to many selective colleges and universities. Still, relatively little is known about how … and counselor recommendation letters submitted via the Common App platform. We examine how the length and …Letters of recommendation from school counselors are required to apply to many selective colleges and universities. Still, relatively little is known about how this non-standardized component may affect equity in admissions. We use cutting-edge natural language processing techniques to algorithmically analyze a national dataset of over 600,000 student applications and counselor recommendation… more →
The Effects of Career and Technical Education: Evidence from the Connecticut Technical High School System
… We examine the effect of admission to 16 stand-alone technical high schools within … High School System (CTHSS) on student educational and labor market outcomes. To identify the causal effect of …We examine the effect of admission to 16 stand-alone technical high schools within the Connecticut Technical High School System (CTHSS) on student educational and labor market outcomes. To identify the causal effect of admission on student outcomes, we exploit the fact that CTHSS utilizes a score-based admissions system and identify the effect of admission using a regression discontinuity… more →
The COVID-19 Impact on Reading Achievement Growth of Grade 3-5 Students in a U.S. Urban School District: Variation across Student Characteristics and Instructional Modalities
… The current study aimed to explore the COVID-19 impact on the reading achievement growth of Grade 3-5 students in a large urban school district in the U.S. and whether the impact differed by students’ demographic …The current study aimed to explore the COVID-19 impact on the reading achievement growth of Grade 3-5 students in a large urban school district in the U.S. and whether the impact differed by students’ demographic characteristics and instructional modality. Specifically, using administrative data from the school district, we investigated to what extent students made gains in reading during the… more →
The Rise and Fall of the Teaching Profession: Prestige, Interest, Preparation, and Satisfaction over the Last Half Century
… We examine the state of the U.S. K-12 teaching profession over the last half … students, the number of individuals preparing for entry, and on-the-job satisfaction. We find a consistent and dynamic …We examine the state of the U.S. K-12 teaching profession over the last half century by compiling nationally representative time-series data on four interrelated constructs: occupational prestige, interest among students, the number of individuals preparing for entry, and on-the-job satisfaction. We find a consistent and dynamic pattern across every measure: a rapid decline in the 1970s, a… more →
Winners and Losers? The Effect of Gaining and Losing Access to Selective Colleges on Education and Labor Market Outcomes
… Selective college admissions are fundamentally a question of tradeoffs: Given capacity, admitting one student means … estimated average effects of college selectivity, and has been unable to distinguish between the effects on students gaining access and on those losing …Selective college admissions are fundamentally a question of tradeoffs: Given capacity, admitting one student means rejecting another. Research to date has generally estimated average effects of college selectivity, and has been unable to distinguish between the effects on students gaining access and on those losing access under alternative admissions policies. We use the introduction of the… more →
The Effects of Comprehensive Educator Evaluation and Pay Reform on Achievement
… including comprehensive educator evaluations and a closer relationship between effectiveness and compensation improves the quality of instruction and raises achievement. We use synthetic …A fundamental question for education policy is whether outcomes-based accountability including comprehensive educator evaluations and a closer relationship between effectiveness and compensation improves the quality of instruction and raises achievement. We use synthetic control methods to study the comprehensive teacher and principal evaluation and compensation systems introduced in the… more →
Can the promise of free education improve college attainment? Lessons from the Milwaukee Area Technical College Promise
… This study found that the MATC Promise increased college attainment by encouraging Milwaukee high school students to access state and federal aid, and to consider matriculating to their local … The MATC Promise exemplifies the last-dollar model of college aid. If seniors at Milwaukee area public high …This study found that the MATC Promise increased college attainment by encouraging Milwaukee high school students to access state and federal aid, and to consider matriculating to their local two-year college. The MATC Promise exemplifies the last-dollar model of college aid. If seniors at Milwaukee area public high schools complete academic milestones, apply for financial aid, qualify based… more →
Over Diagnosed or Over Looked? The Effect of Age at Time of School Entry On Students Receiving Special Education Services
… Much of the literature estimating disproportionality in special … rates has focused on socioeconomic status, race, and gender. However, recent evidence suggests that a … by student characteristics and across school districts. Using a regression discontinuity design exploiting variation …Much of the literature estimating disproportionality in special education identification rates has focused on socioeconomic status, race, and gender. However, recent evidence suggests that a student’s school starting age also impacts the likelihood they receive special education services, particularly in the early grades. I build on the evidence that the youngest students in a grade more… more →
The Ups and Downs of Classroom Quality Over the Preschool Year and Relations to Children’s School Readiness
… Despite considerable evidence on the links between average classroom quality and children’s learning, the importance of variation in quality is not well understood. We examined …Despite considerable evidence on the links between average classroom quality and children’s learning, the importance of variation in quality is not well understood. We examined whether three measures of variation in observed classroom quality over the school year – overall variation in quality, teacher-specific trends in quality, and instability in quality – were associated with children’s… more →
Can Computer-Assisted Instruction Help Schools to Close the Achievement Gap: Evaluation of a District-Wide Reading Intervention
… A concerning number of middle and high school students lack fundamental reading skills in the United States. One common way schools address this issue …A concerning number of middle and high school students lack fundamental reading skills in the United States. One common way schools address this issue is by supporting those students with computer-assisted instruction. This study evaluates the causal effect of one such computer-assisted instruction intervention on English Language Arts achievement for middle and high school students in a large… more →
Socioeconomic and Racial Discrepancies in Algebra Access, Teacher, and Learning Experiences: Findings from the American Mathematics Educator Study
… In this study, we highlight the differences in classroom-, teacher-, and school-level factors in 8th and 9th grade algebra … courses in 8th and 9th grade that may affect the access of students from disadvantaged backgrounds to these courses …In this study, we highlight the differences in classroom-, teacher-, and school-level factors in 8th and 9th grade algebra experiences along socioeconomic and racial/ethnic lines using nationally representative survey data from the American Mathematics Educator Study. Several takeaways emerge from our analysis. First, we show that highest-poverty schools (i.e., schools in the top poverty… more →
Climbing the College Ladder? The Effects of New Orleans School Reforms on College Outcomes and the Quality of Colleges that Students Attended
… Multiple studies have documented the positive effect of school choice on college attendance. We focus instead on … of colleges, which is linked to higher graduation rates and later-in-life wages, especially for Black and Hispanic …Multiple studies have documented the positive effect of school choice on college attendance. We focus instead on the quality of colleges, which is linked to higher graduation rates and later-in-life wages, especially for Black and Hispanic students. We examine the effect of the New Orleans school reforms, a district-wide reform creating an almost all-charter school district, on the quality of… more →
The Effect of the Community Eligibility Provision on the Ability of Free and Reduced-Price Meal Data to Identify Disadvantaged Students
… The Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) is a policy change … all students as eligible for free meals, regardless of individual circumstances. This has implications for the use of free and reduced-price meal (FRM) data to proxy for student …The Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) is a policy change to the federally-administered National School Lunch Program that allows schools serving low-income populations to classify all students as eligible for free meals, regardless of individual circumstances. This has implications for the use of free and reduced-price meal (FRM) data to proxy for student disadvantage in education research… more →
Native Flight Responses to Immigration: Evidence from K-12 School Enrollments
… Over the past few decades, the U.S. has received a consistent and increasing influx of immigrants into the nation. Immigration poses challenges …Over the past few decades, the U.S. has received a consistent and increasing influx of immigrants into the nation. Immigration poses challenges relating to diversity, inclusion and cohesion in education systems, including K-12 education. In the context of immigration, the theory of native flight argues that U.S. born populations move away from neighborhoods when an increasing number of… more →
Improving College Readiness in Mathematics in the Context of a Comprehensive High School Reform
… This mixed methods experimental study examined the impacts of the Early College High School model on students’ college … mathematics courses in the 9th through 11th grades, and disaggregated for academically prepared and underprepared …This mixed methods experimental study examined the impacts of the Early College High School model on students’ college readiness in mathematics measured by their success in college preparatory mathematics courses in the 9th through 11th grades, and disaggregated for academically prepared and underprepared students. This study looked at the longitudinal sample of students who moved from the 9th… more →
The Effects of Special Education on the Academic Performance of Students with Learning Disabilities
… In the forty plus years since passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), … special education has grown in the number of students and amount spent on services. Despite this growth, the …In the forty plus years since passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), special education has grown in the number of students and amount spent on services. Despite this growth, the academic performance of students with disabilities (SWDs) remains troubling low compared to general education students (GENs). To some extent, these differences reflect persistent… more →
Health Equity, Schooling Hesitancy, and the Social Determinants of Learning
… At least 25 million K-12 students in the U.S.—disproportionately children of color from low-income families—have been physically out of … are at risk of significant academic, social, mental, and physical harm now and in the long-term. We must determine …At least 25 million K-12 students in the U.S.—disproportionately children of color from low-income families—have been physically out of school for a full year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These children are at risk of significant academic, social, mental, and physical harm now and in the long-term. We must determine how to help all students gain access to safe, in-person schooling. In this… more →
The Politics of School Reopening during COVID-19: A Multiple Case Study of Five Urban Districts in the 2020-21 School Year
… Purpose : Nearly all schools in the United States closed in spring 2020, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyze traditional public and charter school reopenings for the 2020-21 school year in …Purpose: Nearly all schools in the United States closed in spring 2020, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyze traditional public and charter school reopenings for the 2020-21 school year in five urban districts. We provide a rich and theoretically grounded description of how and why educational leaders made reopening decisions in each of… more →
What is the Point of Schooling? The Politics of Education Policy in Tanzania Since 1961
… Education is one of the most important public goods provided by modern … Tanzania. Using data from surveys, administrative reports, and policy documents, it analyzes changing goals of education …Education is one of the most important public goods provided by modern governments. Yet governments worldwide seldom perform well in the sector. This raises the question: why do governments preside over poor education quality? This article answers this question with evidence from Tanzania. Using data from surveys, administrative reports, and policy documents, it analyzes changing goals of… more →
Falling Behind as Peers Age Up: The Effects of Peer Age on Student Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Outcomes
… Understanding the factors that influence student outcomes is crucial for both parents and schools when designing effective educational strategies. This paper explores the impact of peer age on both cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes …Understanding the factors that influence student outcomes is crucial for both parents and schools when designing effective educational strategies. This paper explores the impact of peer age on both cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes using a randomized sample of middle school students. By analyzing how exogenous variations in peer age affect students' academic performance, self-expectations… more →
Vocational Education: An International Perspective
… Vocational education is formal education about work, and vocational programs of study typically target a narrow subset of middle-income … education philosophies to its varied structures throughout the 21 st century world. We then review the body of economic …Vocational education is formal education about work, and vocational programs of study typically target a narrow subset of middle-income occupations. In this chapter, we trace vocational education from competing 20th century education philosophies to its varied structures throughout the 21st century world. We then review the body of economic research on labor market returns to vocational… more →
Automated Feedback Improves Teachers’ Questioning Quality in Brick-and-Mortar Classrooms: Opportunities for Further Enhancement
… instruction have proven effective at improving instruction and student engagement in virtual learning contexts. Despite the need for consistent, personalized professional learning … concerns, and time constraints. Our findings highlight the promises and areas of improvement for implementing effective …AI-powered professional learning tools that provide teachers with individualized feedback on their instruction have proven effective at improving instruction and student engagement in virtual learning contexts. Despite the need for consistent, personalized professional learning in K-12 settings, the effectiveness of automated feedback tools in traditional classrooms remains unexplored. We… more →
How and Why Racial Isolation Affects Education Costs & the Provision of Equal Educational Opportunity
… This article provides a review of prior empirical work exploring whether and to what extent school district racial composition affects the costs associated with providing equal educational …This article provides a review of prior empirical work exploring whether and to what extent school district racial composition affects the costs associated with providing equal educational opportunity to achieve a common set of outcomes. This prior work mainly involves education cost function modeling, on several specific states and in an earlier version of our national education cost model.… more →
Desegregated but still separated? The impact of school integration on student suspensions and special education classification
… In this paper I study the impact of court-mandated school desegregation by race on student suspensions and special education classification. Simple descriptive …In this paper I study the impact of court-mandated school desegregation by race on student suspensions and special education classification. Simple descriptive statistics using student enrollment and outcome data collected from the largest school districts across the country in the 1970s and 1980s show that Black-White school integration was increasing for districts under court order, but not… more →
The Added Value of Latinx and Black Teachers for Latinx and Black Students: Implications for the Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act
… A research synthesis points to the added-value —benefits to social and emotional development, as well as learning outcomes—for students of color taught by teachers of color. Given ongoing education …A research synthesis points to the added-value—benefits to social and emotional development, as well as learning outcomes—for students of color taught by teachers of color. Given ongoing education debates, policymakers can use this evidence base to craft legislation aimed at increasing the ethnoracial diversity of the U.S. educator workforce. To begin, historical research shows… more →