EdWorkingPapers
ESSER-ting Preferences: Examining School District Preferences for Using Federal Pandemic Relief Fundings
… We analyzed the proposed spending data for the American Recovery Plan’s Elementary and Secondary Emergency Relief III (ESSER III) fund from the spring of 2021 of nearly 3,000 traditional public-school districts …We analyzed the proposed spending data for the American Recovery Plan’s Elementary and Secondary Emergency Relief III (ESSER III) fund from the spring of 2021 of nearly 3,000 traditional public-school districts in the United States to (1) identify trends in the strategies adopted and (2) to test whether spending strategies were observably heterogeneous across district characteristics. We found… more →
Disentangling Person-Dependent and Item-Dependent Causal Effects: Applications of Item Response Theory to the Estimation of Treatment Effect Heterogeneity
… effects (HTE) plays a crucial role in understanding the impacts of educational interventions. A standard practice for HTE … is to examine interactions between treatment status and pre-intervention participant characteristics, such as …Analyzing heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) plays a crucial role in understanding the impacts of educational interventions. A standard practice for HTE analysis is to examine interactions between treatment status and pre-intervention participant characteristics, such as pretest scores, to identify how different groups respond to treatment. This study demonstrates that identical patterns of… more →
When Pell Today Doesn’t Mean Pell Tomorrow: Evaluating Aid Programs With Dynamic Eligibility
… aid improves students’ academic outcomes. However, the largest source of need-based grant aid in the United States, the Federal … using Kentucky administrative data. We focus on whether and how year-to-year changes in aid eligibility and …Generally, need-based financial aid improves students’ academic outcomes. However, the largest source of need-based grant aid in the United States, the Federal Pell Grant Program (Pell), has a mixed evaluation record. We assess the minimum Pell Grant in a regression discontinuity framework, using Kentucky administrative data. We focus on whether and how year-to-year changes in aid eligibility… more →
College-Major Choice to College-then-Major Choice: The Heterogeneous Impacts of Late Specification Reforms on College Student Composition
… This paper provides one of the first natural experimental evidence on the … to apply to a meta-major consisting of different majors and to declare a specialization late in college instead of …This paper provides one of the first natural experimental evidence on the consequences of a transition from college-major (early specialization) to college-then-major (late specialization) choice mechanism. Specifically, we study a recent reform in China that allows college applicants to apply to a meta-major consisting of different majors and to declare a specialization late in college… more →
Underrepresented Minority Students in College: The Role of Classmates
… The role of racial diversity at college campuses has been debated for … with limited quasi-experimental evidence from classrooms. To fill this void, I estimate the extent that classmate racial compositions affect Hispanic and African-American students at a large and over-subscribed …The role of racial diversity at college campuses has been debated for over a half a century with limited quasi-experimental evidence from classrooms. To fill this void, I estimate the extent that classmate racial compositions affect Hispanic and African-American students at a large and over-subscribed California community college where they are minorities. I find that when minority students… more →
How Much Do Early Teachers Matter?
… We present new estimates of the importance of teachers in early grades for later grade … to eighth-grade outcomes between an effective and ineffective fourth-grade teacher is about half the …We present new estimates of the importance of teachers in early grades for later grade outcomes, but unlike the existing literature that examines teacher “fade-out,” we directly compare the contribution of early-grade teachers to later year outcomes against the contributions of later year teachers to the same later year outcomes. Where the prior literature finds that much of the contribution… more →
From Interest to Entry: The Teacher Pipeline From College Application to Initial Employment
… objective for K – 12 public education, but understanding of the early teacher pipeline remains limited. We leverage the … 2009 – 2020 to examine the pipeline into teacher education and employment as a K – 12 public school teacher. A unique …Strengthening teacher supply is a key policy objective for K–12 public education, but understanding of the early teacher pipeline remains limited. We leverage the universe of applications to a large public university in Texas from 2009–2020 to examine the pipeline into teacher education and employment as a K–12 public school teacher. A unique feature of Texas's centralized higher education… more →
Is a Name Change a Game Change? The Impact of College-to-University Conversions
… In the competitive U.S. higher education market, institutions … differentiate themselves to attract both students and tuition dollars. One understudied example of this differentiation is the increasing trend of "colleges" …In the competitive U.S. higher education market, institutions differentiate themselves to attract both students and tuition dollars. One understudied example of this differentiation is the increasing trend of "colleges" becoming "universities" by changing their names. Leveraging variation in the timing of such conversions in an event study framework, I show that becoming a university increases… more →
Typologizing Teacher Practice: How Teachers Integrate Culturally Responsive, Ambitious, and Traditional Teaching Approaches
… As states and districts expand their goals for equitable mathematics … approaches. Drawing on survey data from a larger study of professional learning, we use mixture modeling to identify … and culturally responsive (CR) mathematics instruction. The resulting typology is driven almost exclusively by …As states and districts expand their goals for equitable mathematics instruction to focus on cultural responsiveness and rigor, it is critical to understand how teachers integrate multiple teaching approaches. Drawing on survey data from a larger study of professional learning, we use mixture modeling to identify seven unique ways that middle school mathematics teachers integrate ambitious,… more →
The Impact of a Messaging Intervention on Parents’ School Hesitancy During COVID-19
… During the 2020-21 school year, families' access to--and desire to participate in--in-person schooling was highly … simple access to in-person opportunities. In the context of a nationally-representative survey study, we tested the …During the 2020-21 school year, families' access to--and desire to participate in--in-person schooling was highly stratified along racial and income lines. Research to date suggests that "school hesitancy" was driven by concerns about "fit" and safety, as well as simple access to in-person opportunities. In the context of a nationally-representative survey study, we tested the impact of… more →
Design Philanthropy: Challenges and Opportunities in the Evolution of Philanthropic Giving
… investment in education has evolved considerably over the past several decades. This paper provides early evidence of another distinct adaptation, which we dub design … the instructional core. We describe the broad contours and characteristics of design philanthropy, which employs a …Philanthropic investment in education has evolved considerably over the past several decades. This paper provides early evidence of another distinct adaptation, which we dub design philanthropy. In contrast to the macro-level structural reforms recently supported by large foundations, design philanthropy seeks to directly influence the instructional core. We describe the broad… more →
School Boards and Education Production: Evidence from Randomized Ballot Order
… We examine the causal influence of educators elected to the school board on local education … elected to the school board reduces charter schooling and increases teacher salaries in the school district …We examine the causal influence of educators elected to the school board on local education production. The key empirical challenge is that school board composition is endogenously determined through the electoral process. To overcome this, we develop a novel research design that leverages California's randomized assignment of the order that candidate names appear on election ballots. We find… more →
Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in the Relationship Between Children’s Early Literacy Skills and Third-Grade Outcomes: Lessons from a Kindergarten Readiness Assessment
… Third grade is oftentimes the first year standardized literacy assessments are … struggles begin well before third grade, as do racial and socioeconomic disparities in children’s literacy skills. … a unique opportunity to better understand the emergence of literacy disparities. We use unique kindergarten literacy …Third grade is oftentimes the first year standardized literacy assessments are mandated. In turn many policies aimed at improving literacy have focused on third-grade test scores as a key indicator. Yet literacy struggles begin well before third grade, as do racial and socioeconomic disparities in children’s literacy skills. Kindergarten readiness assessments provide a unique opportunity to… more →
Increasing success in higher education: The relationships of online course taking with college completion and time-to-degree
… but research suggests that students may learn less and persist at lower rates compared to face-to-face settings. … few research studies have investigated more distal effects of online education. In this study we analyzed six years of … policy effects … Increasing success in higher education: The relationships of online course taking with college …Online courses provide flexible learning opportunities, but research suggests that students may learn less and persist at lower rates compared to face-to-face settings. However, few research studies have investigated more distal effects of online education. In this study we analyzed six years of institutional data for three cohorts of students in thirteen large majors (N=10,572) at a public… more →
The Impact of International Students on US Colleges: Higher Education as a Service Export
… Between 2005 and 2016, international enrollment in US higher education … institutions' historical networks with different origins of international students, income growth, and exchange-rate … and organizations … Race, ethnicity and culture … The Impact of International Students on US Colleges: Higher …Between 2005 and 2016, international enrollment in US higher education nearly doubled. I examine how trade shocks in education affect public universities' decision-making. I construct a shift-share instrument to exploit institutions' historical networks with different origins of international students, income growth, and exchange-rate fluctuations. Contrary to claims that US-born students are… more →
Using Behavioral Insights to Improve School Administrative Communications: The Case of Truancy Notifications
… parents when students have missed multiple unexcused days of school. We report a randomized experiment ( N = 131,312) evaluating the impact of sending parents truancy notifications modified … used simplified language, emphasized parental efficacy, and highlighted the negative incremental effects of missing …Many states mandate districts or schools notify parents when students have missed multiple unexcused days of school. We report a randomized experiment (N = 131,312) evaluating the impact of sending parents truancy notifications modified to target behavioral barriers that can hinder effective parental engagement. Modified truancy notifications that used simplified language,… more →
Heroes, Villains, or Something In Between? How “Right to Work” Policies Affect Teachers, Students, and Education Policymaking
… Although the Janus v. AFCSME (2018) decision fundamentally changed the … little research exists to conceptualize the effects of such policies that hinder unionization. To fill this gap, … how exposure to a RTW policy affects students, teachers, and education policymaking. I find that RTW policies lead to …Although the Janus v. AFCSME (2018) decision fundamentally changed the institutional context for U.S. teachers’ unions by placing all public school teachers in a “Right to Work” (RTW) framework, little research exists to conceptualize the effects of such policies that hinder unionization. To fill this gap, I exploit the different timing across states in the passage of RTW policies in… more →
Aspirations, Education, and Extreme Poverty
… outstrip people's ability to pursue them. We study the relationship between family aspirations for children and later child educational outcomes in an extremely poor … educational and career aspirations for thousands of rural Gambian children about to begin schooling. While …Aspirations shape important future-oriented behaviors, including educational investment. Higher family aspirations for children predict better educational outcomes in multiple developing countries. Unfortunately, aspirations sometimes outstrip people's ability to pursue them. We study the relationship between family aspirations for children and later child educational outcomes in an extremely… more →
The Impact of Merit Aid on College Choice and Degree Attainment: Reexamining Florida’s Bright Futures Program
… We replicate and extend prior work on Florida’s Bright Futures merit aid … shifts among Hispanic and White students. Our findings of these minimal-at-best impacts contrast those of prior … improvements and more robust data, and further underscore the importance of study replication. (JEL: H75, I21, I22, …We replicate and extend prior work on Florida’s Bright Futures merit aid scholarship to consider its effect on college enrollment and degree completion. We estimate causal impacts using a regression discontinuity design to exploit SAT thresholds that strongly determine eligibility. We find no positive impacts on attendance or attainment, and instrumental variable results generally reject… more →
Disproportionate Burden: Estimating the Cost of FAFSA Verification for Public Colleges and Universities
… that requires selected students to further attest that the information reported on their FAFSA is accurate and complete. In this brief, we estimate institutional costs of administrating the FAFSA verification mandate and consider …Verification is a federally mandated process that requires selected students to further attest that the information reported on their FAFSA is accurate and complete. In this brief, we estimate institutional costs of administrating the FAFSA verification mandate and consider variation in costs by institution type and sector. Using data from 2014, we estimate that compliance costs to… more →
Decreasing Time to Baccalaureate Degree in the United States
… After increasing in the 1970s and 1980s, time to bachelor’s degree has declined since the … … Methodology, measurement and data … Multiple outcomes of education … Standards, accountability, assessment, and …After increasing in the 1970s and 1980s, time to bachelor’s degree has declined since the 1990s. We document this fact using data from three nationally representative surveys. We show that this pattern is occurring across school types and for all student types. Using administrative student records from 11 large universities, we confirm the finding and show that it is robust to alternative… more →
The Effects of Student Growth Data on School District Choice: Evidence from a Survey Experiment
… to a new metropolitan area. They then choose between the five largest school districts in that area. All … are randomly assigned to receive average achievement and/or average growth data for each district. While there are … are much weaker. We find that, on average, the provision of growth data causes participants to choose less white and …We conduct an online survey experiment in which participants are asked to imagine that they are parents moving to a new metropolitan area. They then choose between the five largest school districts in that area. All participants receive demographic data for each district. In addition, some participants are randomly assigned to receive average achievement and/or average growth data for each… more →
Why Do School Districts Matter? An Interdisciplinary Framework and Empirical Review
… school districts about how to improve system performance and increase equity? Despite over 30 years of inquiry on the topic of effective districts, existing frameworks are …What guidance does research provide school districts about how to improve system performance and increase equity? Despite over 30 years of inquiry on the topic of effective districts, existing frameworks are relatively narrow in terms of disciplinary focus (primarily educational leadership perspectives) and research design (primarily qualitative case studies). To bridge this gap, we first… more →
Investigating the “Draw of Home” and Teachers’ Career Decisions
… test whether proximity to home is related to retention in the teaching profession. We leverage a unique dataset from … preferred teaching locations, actual teaching locations, and years in teaching for 7 years after entering the profession. By controlling for a detailed set of background, preference, and teaching assignment variables …Research shows that teachers seek out jobs close to home, but previous studies have been unable to test whether proximity to home is related to retention in the teaching profession. We leverage a unique dataset from Teach For America (TFA) linking individuals’ preferred teaching locations, actual teaching locations, and years in teaching for 7 years after entering the profession. By… more →
Changing Patterns of Growth in Oral Reading Fluency During the COVID-19 Pandemic
… Education has faced unprecedented disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic; evidence about the subsequent effect on children is of crucial importance. We use data from an oral reading … especially for Grades 2–3, but distinct across spring and fall 2020. While many students were not assessed in …Education has faced unprecedented disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic; evidence about the subsequent effect on children is of crucial importance. We use data from an oral reading fluency (ORF) assessment—a rapid assessment taking only a few minutes that measures a fundamental reading skill—to examine COVID’s effects on children’s reading ability during the pandemic in more than 100 U.S.… more →
Educator Attention: How computational tools can systematically identify the distribution of a key resource for students
… across students remains poorly understood due to data and methodological constraints. This study presents the first large-scale computational analysis of educator attention patterns, leveraging over 1 million …Educator attention is critical for student success, yet how educators distribute their attention across students remains poorly understood due to data and methodological constraints. This study presents the first large-scale computational analysis of educator attention patterns, leveraging over 1 million educator utterances from virtual group tutoring sessions linked to detailed student… more →
Teaching Computational Thinking to Children in Head Start Classrooms: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
… efforts to broaden participation in computer science and its related fields, there exist stark disparities in … children to computing concepts early, to provide them with the foundational skills needed to be successful in later … computing courses. This article reports on the results of a randomized controlled trial evaluation of a novel …Despite efforts to broaden participation in computer science and its related fields, there exist stark disparities in participation in computer related fields by gender, race/ethnicity, and socio-economic status. One approach to combat these disparities is to expose children to computing concepts early, to provide them with the foundational skills needed to be successful in later computing… more →
Removing Barriers to College Credits: Where and for Whom AP Exam Fee Waivers Work
… access also foster success? We study this question in the context of North Carolina’s universal Advanced Placement (AP) exam … the policy’s effect on exam participation (access) and pass rates (success). We find that fee waivers …Do policies that broaden educational access also foster success? We study this question in the context of North Carolina’s universal Advanced Placement (AP) exam fee waiver policy. Using student-course level administrative data, we exploit within-student variation on a sample of students who took multiple AP courses to estimate the policy’s effect on exam participation (access) and pass rates… more →
Implicit Gender-STEM Stereotypes and College Major Choice
… Implicit stereotypes about gender and STEM may unconsciously shape students' academic choices … gender-science Implicit Association Test (IAT) to a sample of primarily first-semester undergraduates, and link results … as salary and job flexibility, presence of female role models, and explicit beliefs about women in STEM and …Implicit stereotypes about gender and STEM may unconsciously shape students' academic choices and contribute to gender gaps in major choice, but there is limited economic evidence on this channel. To study this relationship, we administer a gender-science Implicit Association Test (IAT) to a sample of primarily first-semester undergraduates, and link results to original survey data and… more →
Bridging Literacy Gaps: The Impact of AI-Driven Personalised Learning on Reading Skills and Educational Equity
… educational attainment, limit labour market opportunities, and exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities. This paper evaluates the causal effect of an AI-driven Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL) program …Persistent literacy skills deficits hinder educational attainment, limit labour market opportunities, and exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities. This paper evaluates the causal effect of an AI-driven Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL) program implemented by the Government of Madrid, which features personalised, adaptive content and real-time feedback on students’ literacy proficiency. We… more →
Toward a Comprehensive Model Predicting Credit Loss in Vertical Transfer
… A growing body of research has documented extensive credit loss among transfer students. However, the field lacks theoretically driven and empirically supported frameworks that can guide credit …A growing body of research has documented extensive credit loss among transfer students. However, the field lacks theoretically driven and empirically supported frameworks that can guide credit loss research and reforms. We develop and then test a comprehensive framework designed to address this gap using novel administrative credit loss data from Texas. Our results demonstrate how the… more →
Educational Spillover Effects of New English Learners in a New Destination State
… The number of English learners enrolled in public schools has grown substantially in the United … The growth is especially large in states in the South and Midwest that have not been traditional destinations for …The number of English learners enrolled in public schools has grown substantially in the United States over the past two decades. The growth is especially large in states in the South and Midwest that have not been traditional destinations for recent immigrants. In this study, we examine the effects of an influx of new English learners on students in receiving schools in Delaware, which is one… more →
Affirmative Action and Its Race-Neutral Alternatives
… race-neutral alternatives like top percent policies and holistic review to increase enrollment among … admission, and enrollment effects using University of California administrative data. UC’s affirmative action … among very low-income students. These findings highlight the enrollment gaps between affirmative action and its most …As affirmative action loses political feasibility, many universities have implemented race-neutral alternatives like top percent policies and holistic review to increase enrollment among disadvantaged students. I study these policies’ application, admission, and enrollment effects using University of California administrative data. UC’s affirmative action and top percent policies increased… more →
A Bad Commute: Does Travel Time to Work Predict Teacher and Leader Turnover and Other Workplace Outcomes?
… employee turnover probabilities by increasing job stress and reducing job attachment and embeddedness. Using … commute times are more likely to transfer schools or exit the school system. We find that transfer probability increases roughly monotonically through most of the commute time distribution. Teachers who commute 45 …Research suggests that longer commute times can increase employee turnover probabilities by increasing job stress and reducing job attachment and embeddedness. Using administrative data from a midsized urban school district, we test whether teachers and school leaders with longer commute times are more likely to transfer schools or exit the school system. We find that transfer probability… more →
Dual Identification? The Effects of EL Status on SPED Placement in an Equity-Focused District
… This study examines the effects of English Learner (EL) status on subsequent Special … partnership, we link student demographic data and initial English proficiency assessment data across seven …This study examines the effects of English Learner (EL) status on subsequent Special Education (SPED) placement. Through a research-practice partnership, we link student demographic data and initial English proficiency assessment data across seven cohorts of test takers and observe EL and SPED programmatic participation for these students over seven years. Our regression discontinuity (RD)… more →
Predictors of Access to Advanced Learning: What Makes for a Successful School?
… A wide research base has documented the unequal access to and enrollment in K-12 gifted and talented services and other forms of advanced learning opportunities. This study extends that …A wide research base has documented the unequal access to and enrollment in K-12 gifted and talented services and other forms of advanced learning opportunities. This study extends that knowledge base by integrating multiple population-level datasets to better understand correlates of access to and enrollment in gifted and talented services, seventh-grade Algebra 1, and eighth-grade Geometry.… more →
Is Engaging Online Learning Possible? A Study of an Innovative National Virtual Summer Program
… We study an early effort amid the Covid-19 pandemic to develop new approaches to virtually serving students, supporting teachers, and promoting equity. This five-week, largely synchronous, … 4th-9thgraders. “Mentor teachers” provided PD and videos of themselves teaching daily lessons to “partner teachers” …We study an early effort amid the Covid-19 pandemic to develop new approaches to virtually serving students, supporting teachers, and promoting equity. This five-week, largely synchronous, summer program served 11,769 rising 4th-9thgraders. “Mentor teachers” provided PD and videos of themselves teaching daily lessons to “partner teachers” across the country. We interviewed a representative… more →
The Economic Impact of Access to Public Four-Year Colleges
… We provide the first estimated economic impacts of students’ access to an entire sector of public higher … students’ household income around age 30 by 20 percent, and has even larger impacts for those from low income high …We provide the first estimated economic impacts of students’ access to an entire sector of public higher education in the U.S. Approximately half of Georgia high school graduates who enroll in college do so in the state’s public four-year sector, which requires minimum SAT scores for admission. Regression discontinuity estimates show enrollment in public four-year institutions boosts students… more →
School Sector and Satisfaction: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Sample
… Access to private schools and public charter schools might improve parent and student … and students. Using a nationally representative sample of 13,436 students in the United States in 2016, I find that public charter schools …Access to private schools and public charter schools might improve parent and student satisfaction through competitive pressures and improved matches between educators and students. Using a nationally representative sample of 13,436 students in the United States in 2016, I find that public charter schools and private schools outperform traditional public schools on six measures of parent and… more →
Resegregated Schools, Racial Attitudes, and Long-Run Partisanship: Evidence for White Backlash
… Brown v. Board (1954) catalyzed a nationwide effort by the federal judiciary to desegregate public schools by court … homogeneity to rise. I leverage this exogenous source of variation in the racial mix of schools released from court orders between 1990 and 2014 to explore two key aspects of how whites react to …Brown v. Board (1954) catalyzed a nationwide effort by the federal judiciary to desegregate public schools by court order, representing a major achievement for the U.S. civil rights movement. Four decades later, courts began dismissing schools from desegregation decrees in a staggered fashion, causing their racial homogeneity to rise. I leverage this exogenous source of variation in the racial… more →
The Impacts of Grade Retention Policy With Minimal Retention
… retention for struggling readers are widespread in the U.S., covering 34% of public-school third graders in 2023-24. This study … third-grade reading law on subsequent test scores and school progress outcomes for the 2020-21 and 2021-22 …State laws that mandate in-grade retention for struggling readers are widespread in the U.S., covering 34% of public-school third graders in 2023-24. This study investigates the impacts of Michigan’s third-grade reading law on subsequent test scores and school progress outcomes for the 2020-21 and 2021-22 third-grade cohorts. Using a regression discontinuity (RD) design, we find that being… more →
The Long-Term Effects of Rank in Elementary School
… We estimate the long-term consequences of math and reading rank within an elementary school on short …We estimate the long-term consequences of math and reading rank within an elementary school on short and long-term outcomes. We find that higher rank leads to better outcomes. Students ranked at the top in grade 7 perform up to 0.33 standard deviations higher on future school exams, are more likely to graduate high school and university, and earn significantly more at age 28. Math rank is… more →
Staff and Faculty Unionizations in Higher Education, 2007-2023
… Labor organizing efforts grew following the Covid-19 pandemic in American higher education … brief examines unionization trends at private colleges and universities from 2007 through 2023, revealing staff as … and university employees. A disproportionate number of elections occurred in a handful of union-friendly states …Labor organizing efforts grew following the Covid-19 pandemic in American higher education institutions. This research brief examines unionization trends at private colleges and universities from 2007 through 2023, revealing staff as the main force behind unionization attempts, followed by contingent faculty. SEIU plays a significant role in representing college and university employees. A… more →
Does Early Childhood Education mitigate the birthdate effect? A regression discontinuity analysis of administrative data
… This article examines the impact of within-class age differences on educational outcomes, … older students achieve higher scores in both Language and Mathematics and have lower grade retention rates. …This article examines the impact of within-class age differences on educational outcomes, using students' birth months in Madrid's primary schools as a natural experiment. Employing a regression discontinuity design, we analyze third-grade students to investigate these age-related effects. Additionally, we explore whether early childhood education attendance works as a mitigating factor.… more →
Disability as Discipline? Effects of the New York City Suspension Ban on Identification of Students with Disabilities
… Across the United States, suspension bans have become a popular policy response to address excessive and inequitable use of suspension in schools. However, there is little research …Across the United States, suspension bans have become a popular policy response to address excessive and inequitable use of suspension in schools. However, there is little research that examines what strategies school staff employ when suspension is no longer permitted. I examine the effect of New York City’s suspension ban on the use of a potential unintended substitute for suspension: special… more →
Paying for School Finance Reforms: How States Raise Revenues to Fund Increases in Elementary-Secondary Education Expenditures
… This study investigates how individual states raise revenue to pay for elementary-secondary education spending following … finance reforms (SFRs). We identify states that increased and sustained education expenditures after reform, search for … education spending, and assess how policymakers funded the SFRs. Our results show that state legislatures increase …This study investigates how individual states raise revenue to pay for elementary-secondary education spending following school finance reforms (SFRs). We identify states that increased and sustained education expenditures after reform, search for legislative statutes that appropriated more education spending, and assess how policymakers funded the SFRs. Our results show that state… more →
Parsing Coaching Practice: A Systematic Framework for Describing Coaching Discourse
… Despite the common title of “coach,” definitions of high-quality coaching vary tremendously across models and programs. Yet, few studies make comparisons across … In doing so, this taxonomy may serve as a common language to guide future work exploring how coach discourse …Despite the common title of “coach,” definitions of high-quality coaching vary tremendously across models and programs. Yet, few studies make comparisons across different models to understand what is most helpful, for whom, and under what circumstances. As a result, practitioners are left with many options and little evidence-based direction. This is exacerbated by the literature’s focus on… more →
Latent Classes of Teacher Working Conditions in Virginia: Description, Teacher Preferences, and Contextual Factors
… Many dimensions of teacher working conditions influence both teacher and student outcomes; yet, analyses of schools’ overall … conditions are challenged by high correlations among the dimensions. Our study overcame this challenge by applying …Many dimensions of teacher working conditions influence both teacher and student outcomes; yet, analyses of schools’ overall working conditions are challenged by high correlations among the dimensions. Our study overcame this challenge by applying latent profile analysis of Virginia teachers’ perceptions of school leadership, instructional agency, professional growth opportunities, rigorous… more →
The Causal Impact of Charter Schools on Private Tutoring Prevalence
… studies, but this has not been explicitly tested for the U.S. context. To estimate the causal effect of charter school appearances on neighboring private tutoring … areas with the highest income, educational attainment, and proportion Asian show the greatest treatment impacts, …Greater school choice leads to lower demand for private tutoring according to various international studies, but this has not been explicitly tested for the U.S. context. To estimate the causal effect of charter school appearances on neighboring private tutoring prevalence, we employ a comparative event study model combined with a longitudinal matching strategy to accommodate differing… more →
Forging a path to college persistence: An experimental evaluation of the Detroit Promise Path program
… overcome many obstacles to do so. This paper reports the results of a randomized evaluation of a program meant to provide … providing students with coaching, summer engagement, and financial incentives. The evaluation found that students …Detroit students who obtain a college degree overcome many obstacles to do so. This paper reports the results of a randomized evaluation of a program meant to provide support to low-income community college students. The Detroit Promise Path (DPP) program was designed to complement an existing College Promise scholarship, providing students with coaching, summer engagement, and financial… more →